Random Associations Flashcards
Most common inherited hypercoagulability
Factor V Leiden
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
von Willebrand Dz
Most common inherited hymolytic anemia
HS, test is osmotic fragility
Anemia with absent radii and tumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe au lait spots, microcephaly, pancytopenia
Fancony anemia
meds that cause aplastic anemia
Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides
chemotherapy and radiation
HIV, hepatitis, parvo B19, EBV
TTP pentad?
FAT RN
Fever, anemia, thrombocytopenia, Renal dys, neuro abn
Rx: plasmapheresis, roids
plt txfusion contraindictated!
HUS triad?
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, AKI
14 yo girl, prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and menses, normal PT, normal or high PTT
vWillebrand Dz
Rx: desmopressin, FFP, cryo-ppt
high PTT because vWF stabilizes factor VIII
10 yo boy, fever, weight loss, night sweats, antierior mediastinal mass
Suspect Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin lymphoma
80 yo with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, lymphocytosis (isolated)
CLL
Fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia in CML pt
Blast crisis, life threatening
Auer Rods
AML
AML subtype associated with DIC?
M3, Rx with Retinoic Acid
50 yo with early satiety, splenomegaly, bleeding. t(9,22).
CML
boy with chronic sinopulmonary infections and negative nitroblue tetrazolium test
Chronic granulomatous disease
Child with eczema, thrombocytopenia, high IgA
Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
4 month old boy with life-threatening pseudomonas infection
Bruton’s X linked agammaglobluinemia (no b cells)
Vaccinations at 6 mo well child
HBV, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV, rota
Lung cancer associated with hypercalcemia
Squamous cell carcinoma (NSCLC)
lung cancer associated with SIADH
Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)
Lung cancer associatd with Lambert Eaton
SCLC
RTA associated with abn H+ secretion and nephrolitiasis
Type I distal
RTA with abn HCO3- reabsorption and rickets
Type II proximal
RTA associated with low aldosterone (low Na, High K)
Type IV distal
Most common type of nephrolith
calcium oxalate
Test of choice for nephrolith
NONCON ct scan
US next best?
Hematuria, HTN, oliguria
Nephritic Syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, edema
nephrotic syndrome
Most common nephrotic syndrome in adults
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Nephritic syndrome 3 days after URI, normal C3
IgA nephropathy (Berger), immune complex
roids for some, ACEI if proteinuria
Glomerulonephritis with deafness
Alport Syndrome
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis
Goodpastures or granulomatosis with polyangitis
Red cell casts
glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
Eosinophils in urine
allergic interstitial nephritis
Waxy casts and maltese crosses
nephrotic syndome
muddy brown casts
acute tubular necrosis
drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, pericardial friction rub
Uremic syndrome in renal failure
hematuria in 50 yo smoker
bladder cancer
hematuria, flank pain, palpable flank mass
Renal Cell Carcinoma
Testicular cancer with high beta-HCG
choriocarcinoma
most common testicular tumor
seminoma, a germ cell tumor
most common bladder cancer histology
transitional cell carcinoma
Hematuria, oliguria, 2-6 weeks after infection, low C3
Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
granulomatosis with polyangiitis systems?
kidney + lung + sinus
Microscopic polyangiitis systems?
kidney + lung
Churg-strauss systems?
kidney + asthma
DDx for low C3 nephritic/nephrotics?
post-infectious GN
membranoproliferative GN
mixed cryoglobulinemia
SLE
palpable purpura, arthralgias, nephritic/nephrotic, low C3, positive HCV
mixed cryoglobulinemia (a type of MPGN?)
Strep infection 2-6 weeks ago, oliguria, tea or cola colured urine, Low C3, increased anti-DNase titiers, lumpy-bumpy
Postinfectious GN
Supportive care with diuretics for fluid overload
immune complex
palpable purpura, arthralgias, abd pain, normal C3
also Rx?
Henoch-Schonlein purpura, small vessel vasculitis
supportive +/- roids
Respiratory and sinus symptoms, granulomas, cavitary pulmonary lesions causing hemoptysis, renal involvement, positive cANCA
also Rx?
Wegeners (gran with polyang)
high-dose roids, cytotoxics, rituximab
respiratory symptoms, hemoptysis, renal involvement, pANCA positive, no granulomas
also Rx?
Microscopic polyangiitis
roids, cyclophosphamide, ritux
Asthma, sinusitis, skin nodules/purpura, peripheral neuropathy, pANCA positive, elevated IgE
also Rx?
Eosinophilic gran with polyang (churg-strauss)
roids
Rx Goodpasture’s
plasma exchange therapy
pulsed roids
Sudden onset edema, Hodgkin Lymphoma, NSAID use, tendency for thrombotic events
Minimal Change,
effaced podocytes
roids
African American, HTN, IV drugs and HIV with nephrotic sympotoms
also Rx?
FSGS
pred, cytotoxics, ACEI/ARB for proteinuria
Adenocarcinoma or other solid tumor, nephrotic syndrome, Spike and dome deposits of IgG and C3 in basement membrane
also Rx?
Membranous nephropathy
pred and cytotoxics
Long standing DM, retinopathy, nephrotic syndrome, thick GBM, Increased mesangial matrix, kimmelstiel-Wilson lesion
also Rx?
Diabetic nephropathy
glycemic control
histology of lupus nephritis
mesangial proliferation, subendothelial and or subepithelial immune complex deposits
Multiple myeloma or RA (chronic inflammatory disease) with apple-green birefringence on congo red stain, renal involvement, nodular glomerulosclerosis
also Rx?
Renal amyloidosis
pred and melphalan
HBV, HCV, Tram Track, double layer basement membrane, subendothelial deposits, mesangial deposits, low C3
also Rx?
Type 1 Membranoproliferative
roids
Four types of stones
Calcium oxalate/phosphate - idiopathic hypercalciuria
Struvite - staghorn, proteus, urease producers
Uric Acid - RADIOLUCENT, gout, purine turnover
Cystine - hexagonal crystals, + cyanide nitro test
