random anatomy internal organ quwstions Flashcards
1
Q
What forms the vestibular ligaments
What froms vocal ligament
A
Lower border of quadrangular membrane
Upper border of conus elasticus
Both are flse (intrinsic) membranes
2
Q
How is conus elasticus formed
A
Median cricithyroid ligament
3
Q
Besides the muscular and vocal processes of arytenoid cartilage, what other stuctures are there
A
Fovea oblonga, fovea triangularis, crista arcuata, collicolus
4
Q
Where is triticeal cartilage found
A
in the lateral thyrohyoid ligamnt
5
Q
Where do u find epiglottic valleculae x2
A
Btw the median glossoepiglottic fold and lateral glossoepiglottic fold
connects epiglottis to tongue
6
Q
What is the fold that connects the lateral border of the epiglottis and apex of arytenoid cartilage
What cartilage lies witihn it
What deep fossa is on either side of those folds (laryngopharynx)
A
Ariepiglottic fold
Cuneiform cartilage
Piriform fossa (food gets arrested here)
7
Q
Internal laryngeal nerve (vagus) pierces what membrane
A
Thyrohyoid
8
Q
Which of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles is the only one innervated by superior laryneal nerve
A
Cricothyroid muscle
9
Q
Which is the only muscles to open vocal gap (laryngeal inlet)
What closes the whole vocal gap
A
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
Transverse arytenoid muscle (attaches to both arytenoid)
10
Q
What closes the intermembraneous part of rima glottidis
What closes the intercartiaginous and interarytenoid part of rima glottidis
A
Lateral cricoarytenoid muscle
Oblique arytenoid muscle
11
Q
What is carina of trachea
A
last cartilage
Protrudes into lumen of tracea BEFORE bifurcation
KEEL/SEMILUNAR SHAPE
12
Q
What ligs connect the 15-20 hyaline c shaped cartilage on trachea
A
annular lig
13
Q
Where do you find trachealis muscle
A
On posterior side of trachea (no Cartilage)
14
Q
Differences btw right and left primary bronchus
A
right= shorter, wider, more vertical
Left= longer,narrower and CURVES more
Therefore in foreighn body aspiration more likely it will travel through right as less crved
15
Q
How many lobar and segmental branches right and left of bronchi
A
RIGHT= 3 lobar (superior, middle, inferior) 10 segemnts
LEFT=2 lobar (Superior, inferior) 8 segments
16
Q
Why is the anterior border of the left lung not as vertical as the right
Posterior border is more oval
A
because of cardiac notch (apex of heart sit here) and lingula of left lung
17
Q
Where does visceral pleura become parietal in lung
A
Pulmonary ligament (mesopneumonium)
18
Q
Order of hilum of left lung
Order of hilum of right lung
A
left= ABV ( Pulmonary artery, bronchus, vein)
right=BAV ( Pulmonary bronchus, artery, vein)
19
Q
Fissures od the lung
A
right= oblique and horizontal fissure
Left= oblique fissure
20
Q
Why is the costomediastinal recess larger in the left
A
bc of the heart
left lung has cardiac notch
21
Q
What does the costomediastinal recess form
A
thymus triangle
pericardiac triangle
22
Q
Where is costodiaphragmatic recess
A
btw ribs and diaphragm
no visceral pleura here
Biggest and deepest recess of pleura
23
Q
what is pleural cupula
A
cervical part of pleura
Bw lateral scalene muscles, subclavian artery/vein, brachial plexus superiorly
forms suprapleural membrane- fascia of sibson
24
Q
What deos each of the semilunar cusps of the aorti valve contain
Other than nodules
A
left semi= aortic sinus of valsalva=left coronary artery
right semi= aortic sinus of valsalva= right coronary artery
posteriro semi= NON CORONARY aortic sinus of valsalva
25
Which is the largest horizontal trabeculae
septomarginal trabelcula
connects interventricular septum and ant papillary muscle
26
What is boundary btw outflow (conus arteriosus) and inflow tract of right ventricle
supraventricular crest
27
Valves of : (right atrium)
Opening of coronary sinus (vein)
Opening of ind=ferior vena cava
Thesbian valve
Eustachian valve (directs blood through framen ovale)
28
What sinus and tubercle is inbetween openings of inf and supvena cava
Sinus venarum cavarum
Intervenous tubercle
29
On internal surface right atrium, what separates pectinate muscle and sinus venaraum cavarum
crista terminalis
30
What shallow border is on external side of right atrium
sulcus terminalis cordis
31
Which mediastinum is heart in
middle mediastinum
32
The interventricular septumm has a muscuoar and membranous part
What other septum is formed by the membraneous part
Atrioventricular septum
33
Surfaces of the heart
anterior posterior pulmonary (cardiac imoression on ung)
34
What does crista terminalis in right atrium separate
The smooth sinus venarum on posterior
And the ough pectinate muscle of the auricle anteriorly
35
What is the anterior and posterior layers of renal fascia called in kidney
ANT= Prerenal layer of Toldt
POST= Retrorenal layer of Zuckerkandl
36
Location of right and left kidney
right = T12-L3
Left= T12-L2
both 10-13cm long
37
How to distinguish btw the kidneys
Right= vein is IN FRONT of the artery
38
What are the segments of the kidey
SUperior, inferiror
Anterior superior, anterior inferior
Posterior
All blood supply of ant branch renal artery except posterior segemnt (post branch)
39
Topography kidney posteriorly
diaphragm, quadratus lumborum, psoas major
40
Topography kidney abteriorly
right= suprarenal gland, liver, duodenum, right colic flexure, jejunum
Left= suprarenal gland, spleen. stomach, pancreas, left colic flexure, jejunum
41
What is the intrarenal excretory pathways
Renal sinus contains renal pelvis and calyces
Minor calyces surround 1-3 adjacent papilla to form major calyces (a superior, medial, posterior)
From calyces, urine enters renal pelvis
42
What is the order of the renal artery
RETE MIRABILE!!!!!!!!!!!!
Anterior + Posterioir branch
5 Segmental arteries
Lobar
Interlobar
Arcuate
Interlobular- Afferent/ efferent glomerular arertiole, glomerular capillary
Efferent gloerular arteriole- peritubular plexus + Vasa recta
43
What unites to form stellate veins
peritubular capillary plexus + vasa recta?
44
What are the 2 types of renal calyces
ampullary- short calyces, wide renal pelvis
Branching- long calyces, narrow pelvis
45
How long is ureter and where is it located
30 cm paied organ
Lies at very back of abdominal cavity, and in retroperitoneal space of lesser pelvis
46
Parts of urter
Abdominal
pelvic
intramural
ureteric rifice
47
Constrictions of ureter
Wat can get stcuk in them
Normal=7-8mm diameter
Constriction=1-2mm diameter
Upper narrowing ( w renal pelvis)
Crossing w iliac vessels (right front externa ilac, left front common iiac)
Intramural part
CONCREMENTS GET STUCK IN CONSTRICTIONS
48
What’s at the end of apex of bladder
Median umbilical ligament
Remanant of urachus
49
Where is bladder located
How ,cub urine can it store
Located in cavity of lesser pelvis, subperitoneally
Max=2000ml. Average =500 ml
50
What is the fold surround the internal urethral orifice in bladder
Uvula of bladder
51
Trigone of the bladder is made of internal urethral office and 2 ureteric orifices
What is the músicas like
Smooth
52
What fold is btw the 2 ureteric orifices
What is the space behind it called
Interureteric crest
Retrotraigo al fosas- cannot see it in ultrasound so use cystoscopy
53
What are the 2 pouches formed by the parietal peritoneum
Rectovesical pouch of Proust
Vesicouterine pouch
54
What is the space surround the bladder
What is space btw bladder and pubic symphysis
Para vesical space
Pre vesical space
55
What fascia is btw the medial umbilical lig and median umbilical lig (urachus)
Vesicoumbilical fascia (of Delbet)
56
What fascia is in front of apex bladder
Transversal fascia
57
What are some ligaments that fixate the bladder
Rectovesical-to ant neck bladder
Pubovesical - to post neck bladder
Vesicouterine
Puboprostaticus
58
What are the imp muscles in bladder
Detrusor muscle- inner long,middle circular,outer long
Sphincter- smooth muscle around neck, prevents semen entering
59
What glands open in the spongy part of the male urethra
Glands of littre
Cowpers glands
60
2 curvatures of male urethra
Subpubic is transition btw membrane ours and spongy part
Prepubic is part of spongy urethra
61
How ,any dilations and constrictions male urethra
3 dilations = ampulla navicular fossa prostatic part
4 constrictions= external urethral orifice, membraneous intramural,spongy
62
What are the parts of prostatic urethra
The urethral crest contains the seminal colliculus in the centre where the urticulus prostaticus is
On seminal colliculus there is 2 ejaculatory ducts which transport semen to urethra
Space surrounding urethral crest is sinus prostaticus
63
Where is the external urethral orifice in females
Vestibule if vagina
64
Differences in length urethra
Male is 15-22 cm. Female= 4cm. Diameter=6-12mm
65
What is the urethral sphincter composed of
Internal urethral sphincter= smooth muscle
External urethral sphincter= striated muscle
66
Wat covers the testis
What are the layers
tunica vaginalis
Parietal (epiorchus)
Visceral (paraorchus)
Cavum serosum scroti (cavity)
67
On what side of the tests is the epididymis located
(how u can distinguish eft and right)
On the lateral posterior side
68
How many lobules of testis r there
What is it composed of
around 200 lobules contains 1 tubule
-Convuluted seminiferous tubules =coiled
- straight tubules= only once left the lobule. continuous with RETE TESTIS
69
Where do the efferent ductules connect to
From rete testis to head of epididymis
70
Shape of epididymis
com a
4-7cm long
71
What is the appendix of epididymia+testis also called
paradidymis
72
What is the head of the epidiymis formed
efferent ductules
73
How many efferent ductules from testis to duct of epididyis (pseudostrat)
8-10 ductules
74
How are lobules formed
1 efefrent ductule
75
What does the ductus deferns connect
duct of epididymis to prostate and urethra
76
Parts of ductus deferens
scrotal= continuous with epididymis
funicuar=in sermatic cord
inguinal= in inguinal canal, oasses superficual inguinal ring then exits out dee inguinal ring
pelvic=in lesser pelvis, fuses wth excretory duct of seminal vesical
Ampulla=dilated part
77
Ductus deferns + excretory duct seminal vescial =
EJACULATORY DUCT (2 on seminal colliculus)
opens in the prostatic part of the male urethra
78
ductus deferns in refrence to external iliac vessels and ureter
vessels= the vessels pass behind ductus deferens
ureter=ureter psses under ductus deferns
79
What travels within spermatic cord
ductus deferns (+ artery to d d , int iliac)
Testicular artery
Pampiniform plexus (grapes)
Deferential plexus (vis sensory)
Lymph vessels (lumbar nodes)
80
What are the coverings of spermatic cord
external spermatic fascia (sup abdo fascia)
Cremaster muscle ( pulls scrotum to pos wall)
Internal spermatic fascia (tranversalis fascia)
Dartos fascia?
81
In the space btw scrotum and superfical opening of inguinal canal , what does spermatic cord pass
the superficial external pudenedal aretry
82
Where are seminal vesicles located
Behind urinary bladder, but above prostate gland
83
Function of seminal vesclies
to produce 70% of ejacuate, high in fructose for spermatozoa
84
Ducts of seminal vsicles
excretory dicts of seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct (excretory duct+ductus deferns that open in prostatic urethra)
85
What is the other term for the seminal colliculus
verumontanum
86
Where are the bulbourethral glands located
On the deep tranverse perineal membrane
Also called Cowpers glands
Lubrication of urethrea
87
Where do the duct of bulbo urethral open into
the spongy part of the urethra (in oenis)
88
What are the external features of the prostate
Base: attached to neck f bladder
Apex: faces pelvic floor
Ant surface-faces pubic symphysis, puboprostatic lig and muscle
Post surface-faces rectum
2 inferolateral surfaces-faces pelvic loor
89
How many lobes prostate
3= left right (connected in front of urethra by isthmus
middle (behind urethra)
90
Regional anatomy of prostate
cranially= neck of bladder
Dorsocraially= seminal glands
dorsally=rectum
91
How many layers of prostate capsule
3
1. double layered capsule of prostate
2. prostate venous plexus
3. periprostatic capsule
92
Why is the testis and epididymis located in the scrtotum which is outside the body
2-4 degrees lower than core ody temp for optimum spermatogenesis
93
What muscle pulls the scrotum to the posterior abdo wall
cremaster
94
What is the external structure of the scrotum
septum=separates scrotum into 2 cavities for each testis
Raphe
Scrotal lig =remnant gubernaculum, attaches to inf pole testis and tail epididymis
95
What are the layers of the scrotum
* skin
* Dartos fascia
* External spermatic fascia
* Cremaster fascia/muscle
* Internal spermatic fascia
* Tunica vaginalis=parietal (Periorchium), Visceral (epiorchium)
96
arterial supply:
Ant half
post half
scrotal layers
ant scrotal branches= external pudendal arteries
post sctoral branches =int pudendal
cremastric arteries= inf epigastic
97
What is venous drainage into (scrotum)
great dphenous vein
internal pudendal vein
98
What is motro inn of scotum
genital branch genitofemoral
99
Normally what autonomic innervation is all organs in lesser pelvis
thoracic, pelvic, splanchnic nerves
100
What is penis made up of
3 erectile bodies (2 corpora cavernosa, corpus spongiosum) and urethra
101
What are the external parts of the penis
1. Root of penis
2. Crura of penis
3.Bulb of penis
4. Body of penis
5. Glans penis
102
What consists of root of penis
How is it fixated
composes of the 2 crura
Fixated by suspensory lig and fundiform lig
103
What is the crus of penis
paired int part of corpora cavernsa
Inserts onto pubic symphysics and rami
104
What are the parts of the body of penis
Dorsum- ant surafce flaccid penis, upper post surface of erect
Urethral surafce - post surface in flaccid
Raphe - seam like line on urethral surface
105
Parts of glans penis (most distal part of corpus spngiosum)
Conical shape
Corona of glans
Neck of glans
External urethral orifice
Foreskin/prepuce
Frenulum
Tysons glands /preputial (in forseskin)
106
Internqlly what are the fascias of penis
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia (Bucks fascia)
Tunica albuginea-covers the erectile bodies
107
What are the erectile bodies and what arteries witin them
Corpora cavernosa- there are spaces that fill w blood, dee artery of penis
Corpus spongiosum- spongy part urethra and glans and bulb penis, Urethral artery
108
Where deos the ovary lie
Lesser pelvis, intraperitoneal
In fossa ovarica btw iliac blood vessels
109
2 surafecs, 2 boders, 2 extremtites of ovary
lateral +medial surface
Free + mesovarian border (contains hilum)
Tubal (upper facing uterine tube opening) + Uterine (Lower faces uterine horns) extremity
110
What is the part of the broad ligament of uterus that fixates the ovary
what are the other ligaments
mesovarium
Suspensory lig, lig of ovary (has ovarian branch of uterine artery)
111
Where in ovary are follicles found
cortex
112
How long are the uterine tubes (fallopian)
10-12cm in cavity of lesser pelvis
113
What does uterine tube connects with ovary with
uterine horn
114
What are the 2 opening of uterune tubes
abdominal ostium= faces ovary, end of infundibuum, communicates w periteal cavity
Uterine ostium= in uterine horn
115
Parts of uterine tubes
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus
uterine part
116
What is part of infundibulum
fimbrae (mucosal appendages)
Ovarian fimbrae is the lngest, the cilia of it sweeps ovum into tube from ovary
117
what is the wider 2/3 of tube
what is narrowest 1/3 of tube
intramural part
ampulla
isthmus
uterune part
118
What shape is the uterus
pear shape
119
What are the 2 positions uterus can be in
anteversion=blunt angle, axis of cervix of uterus and body, bent forward to cervix
Anteflexion= blunt angle, axis of uterus and vagina, bent forward
120
What are the external parts of the uterus
body
isthmus
cervix
121
The body of the uterus is the largest part, what are the feautures
Fundus
anterior vesical surface
posterior intestinal surface
(border of uterus separates these 2)
Uterine cavoty where developing embryo is
122
Where is the broad lig of uterus attached
Border of uterus
123
What are the 2 openings of the cervical canal
Ostium anatomicum uteri internal (end of isthmus)
Ostium uteri (end of cervix)
124
What are the 2 parts of the cervix
Supravaginal part-above attachment of vagina, has palmate folds
Vaginal part- protrudes into vagina
125
What are the cervical canal shapes
DOT= no normal childbirth
SLIT= Normal childbirth, anterior+posterior lip
(Partum naturale)
126
What is the internal structure of uterus
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
parametrium
127
What is shape of cavity of uterus
Which bit of endometrium changes during menstual cycle, which doesnt
Shape of triangle
Basal layer doesnt change
Functional layer changes
128
What does parametrium surround
surrounds bottom part of uterus BELOW broad lig and condenses to form parametrial ligaments
129
The broad lig of uterus is a peritoneal fold, what are ts part
Mesovarium, mesosalpinx, mesometrium
130
What are some parametrial ligaments
Cardinal lig= cervic/isthmus to pelvic wall
Uterosacral=sacrum to cervix
Vesico-uterine
Rectouterine
Pubicovervical
Round Ligamnet (teres uteri) = LONGEST, Keeps uterus in antversion during pregancy, travels through inguinal canal
131
What are the supporting apparatus of uterus
leavtor ani
Ischiococcygeaus
perineal mucles
132
Where is the vagina located, how long is it
in lesser pelvis, btw bladder and rectum
8-10cm long
133
The vaginal canal has what walls
anterior= has pawliks triangle, absent rugae
posterior=has vaginal columns
134
What travels in anterior wall of vaginal canal
urethra
urethra carina
135
The walls of the posterior wall (dont?) touch therefore the lumen is shut
what shape does it make
H shape= forming left and right canal
Middle parts touch therfore forms anterior and posterior columns
136
What part of vagina does cervix protrude
vaginal fornix
anterior
posterior=communicates w douglas space
2x lateral
137
2 septums within vagina
urethrovaginal septum = in front vag
rectovaginal septum = behind vag
138
Length shape and location of pharynx
12-15cm
Conical shape
From the base of the skull to c6, continuous w oesophagus
139
What is retropharyngeal space
Behind the pharynx (prevertebral lamina)
Contains loose connective tissue and retropharyngeal nodes which drain nasal cavity and tonsils
140
What is lateral to the retropharyngeal space
Parapharyngeal space
Contains carotid sheath which internal carotid artery travels
141
Regional anatomy of pharynx
Cranial= base of skull
Caudally- c6, oesophagus
Ventrally= nasal,oral,laryngeal cavity
Dorsally= cervical vertebra
142
What are the parts of the pharynx
Nasopharynx(epiharynx)
Oropharynx(mesopharynx)
Laryngopharynx(hypopharynx)
143
Where does Nasopharynx start and end
How does it open into nasal cavity
C1/2
Base of skull
Soft palette
Communicates w 2 choanae
144
How does nasopharynx attach to skull
Pharyngobasilar fascia
Through the fornix pharyngis
145
What are some attachment points of the vault of pharynx (fornix)
Pharyngeal tubercle
Petrooccipital fissure
Medial lamina of ptergoid process
Inferior surface o f Petrous part temporal bone
146
On the roof of the pharynx what important structure is there
Nasopharyngeal tonsil
Inflammation due to bacteria and virus
Form adenoids in children
147
What opening is on the lateral wall of pharynx
What elevation surrounds it and under the mucosa what aggregation of lymphoid tissue
What space lies behind the elevation
Pharyngeal opening of auditory tube
Toras tubarius and tubal tonsil
Pharyngeal recess/ rosenmullers space
148
What are the 2 folds below the the torus tubarius
Anterior = salpingopalatine fold
Posterior= salpingopharyngeal fold
Helps opening and closing of auditory tube
149
What is the muscosal fold btw the folds u can only see when swallowing
Torus levatorius
150
What is the space of luschka ( pulsa pharyngea)
Semilunar space around pharyngobasilar fascia
Lacks muscular layer
151
Where does oropharynx start and end
How does it connect to oral cavity
Posterior margin of soft palate
To superior margin epiglottis
Communicates through isthmus fauces ( in tonsillar fossa- lingual and palatine tonsils)
152
Start and end of laryngopahrynx
What does it communicate through
C5/6
Sup border epiglottis
To oesophagus though pharyngooesophageal constriction
Communicates w laryngeal inlet
153
Part of oropharynx what fold is btw the soft palate and the tongue
Palatoglossal arch
The fold is a border of the tonsillar fossa ( triangular)
154
What is the circular ring of lymphoid tissue in pharynx naso and oro
Ring of waldeyr
155
What is the fossa either side and below epiglottis in laryngoharynx
Piriform fossa
156
Btw the epiglottis and the post surface of tongue what space is there and the folds surrounding it ( oropharynx)
Epiglottiic valecullae
Median glossoepiglottic fold and lateral glossoepiglottic fold
157
What are the 2 types of muscles in pharyn
Constrictors and levators
158
The pharyngeal constrictors and where they all insert
Superior=pterygopharyngeal, buscó-, mylo-, glosso-
Middle= chondro-, cerato-, (hyoid)
Inferior = thyro-, crico-,
All insert on pharyngeal raphe
159
If constrictors have a craniocudal backward course what do levators do
Where do they all insert
Longitudinal
Muscular wall formed by constrictors
160
What are the 3 levators
Stylopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
161
For innervation, from the pharyngeal plexus mostly it’s vagus nerve .
Which levator muscle is inn by glossopharyngel nerve
Stylopharyngeus
162
Porto cabal anastomosis which u can find in oesophagus and stomach
Oesophageal branches of gastric veins connection w sup vena cava and hepatic portal vein
163
What is the innervation of the large Intestine
Up until 2/3 of mesocolon= vagus nerve
After that= sacral splanchnic
Canon bohm point
Rectum= sacral splanchnic. Para
Lumbar splanchnic sym
Pudendal nerves Viscero
164
What are some of the lymph nodes of large intestine
Right colic. Middle colic. Left colic.
Internal and external iliac nodes
Ilieocolic nodes. appendicular nodes
165
What is the venous drainage of large intestine
Porto caval anastomosis= superior ( to portal vein) , middle, inferior rectal veins ( to internal iliac to sup vena cava)
166
Arterial supply of large intestine
Arc of riolan/ anastomosis of haller = inferior mestenteric ( superior retal left colic) and superior mesenteric (appendicular, right and middle colic)
Internal iliac= middle and inferior rectal
167
What are the differences btw large intestine and small intestine
Haustra colon- sac cular pouches of circular smooth muscle
Ommental appendices- pouches of peritoneum filled w adipose tissue
Plica semilunaris
Taenia coli- taenia mesocolicum, taenia ommentales, taenia libera
168
How long is the rectum and where is it located
12 cm
In lesser pe is NOT abdominal cavity
Starts at the prometorium sacrum to anal canal
169
Parts of the recum
Rectal ampulla: Anorectal junction transition btw ampulla and anal canal
Anal canal:
Anus:
170
What are the structures within the anal canal 2-3cm
* anal columns of Morgani ( longitudinal folds)
* anal sinuses: btw the folds, the anal glands open into the sinuses
* pectinate line, anal pecten, anocutaneous line
There is also the supratransitional line and the anal transitional line
171
The anus is surrounded by external anal sphincter.
What connects this to the tip of thencoccyx
Annococcygeal ligament
172
The rectal ampulla forms a flexure and the anal canal forms a flexure
What are they
Sacral flexure
Anorectal flexure
173
How long is sigmoid colon
Wher does it start and end
What is its location
What divides at the tip v shape of its
30-40cm
Iliac fossa to s2-3
Intraperitoneal
Left common iliac artery
174
How long is descending colon
Where is it located
25 cm
Secondary retopeitoneal
175
How long is the transverse colon
Where is it located
30-80cm
In right hypocondriac, umbilical, left hypochondriac
Intraperitoneal has mesocoln
176
What does the mesocolon split the abdominal cavity into
Supramesocolic and inframesocolic
177
Why is the left flexure higher than the right flexure
Because I’d phrenocolic ligament
178
How long is the ascending colon
Where is it located
15 cm
Right lateral region and right hypochondriac
179
What are the parscolic spaces
On lateral sides of ascending and descending colon towards posterior abdominal wall
180
What is the other name for the vermiform appendix
Lymphoid intestinalis
181
What is point of lanz
From the right anterior superior iliac spine to the left one
Middle 1/3 from right
182
What is McBurney’s point
From the right anterior superior iliac spine to thebumbilicus
6 cm away from iliac soine
183
What are the positions of the appendix
Retrocaecal
Pelvic Medial to cauecum
Subcaecal points towards inguinal canal
Precaecal in front caecum last common?
Ileocaecal. Parallel to ileum
Laterocaecal
184
Does caecum have. Mesocaecum
No
185
The ileum opens into the left side of caecum
What structures r present
Ileal papilla at the orifice
Iliocolic and iliocaecal lip forming a frenulum
ILEOCAECAL VALVE
186
Where is csuecum located
Right inguinal cregion
187
How long is the large intestine
Is it longer than the small
Shorter than the small
1.5-2 m
188
What are the extra hepatic bile ducts
Right and left hepatic duct
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
Cystic duct and common hepatic= common bile duct
189
What are the intrahepatic bile ducts
Bile canniculi
Intralobular
Interlobular
Right and left hepatic ducts at porta hepati
190
What are the 4 parts of the bile ductb
Supraduodenal
Retroduodenal
Pelvic
Intramural
191
The Union of the pancreatic duct and the bile duct forms what
What is the phi cater called
Hepatopancreatic duct
Sphincter of oddi
192
Arterial, venous, inn of Galo bladder
Cystic artery (right hepatic artery )
Cystic vein to portal vein
Vagus nerve
Thoracic splanchnic nerves
193
What’s in front of the gallbladder, what’s behind
Parts
Anterior= visceral surface liver
Posterior= transverse colon
Fundas, body, infundibulum, neck
194
How long is the pancreas
What type of digestive organ
Where is it located
13-18cm long. S shape
Accessory
Umbilical, epigastric and left hypochondriac
195
Which bit of the pancreas is Intraperitoneal
Tail
196
The head contains uncinate process
Where is it situated and what vessels pass in front of it
In the cbshape of duodenum
Superior mesenteric vessels
197
The body is like a 3d prism of pancreas
What is a prominence on it where ando aorta crosses
Tuber ommentale
198
What are the ducts of the pancreas
Where do they open I;to
Pancreatic duct of wirsung opens into major duodenal duct of vater
Acesssory pancreatic duct of ssntorini opens into minor duodenal duct of santorini
Both ducts in descending duodenum
199
What is the arterial venous lymph inn of pancreas
Artery: splenic artery=greater pancreatic. inferior pancreatic.
Anterior superior posterior pancreaticoduodenal artery
Venous= splenic vein, superior mesenteric, portal vein
Lymph: pancreaticoduodenal nodes , coeliac nodes
Inn: pancreatic plexus? Coeliac ganglion vagus nerve?
200
H
201
On the anterior anbdominal wall, what are the folds
Plica umbilicus mediales
Plica umbilicus laterales
Plica umbilicus mediana
Fossa supravesicslis ( m and m)
Fossa inguinalis medialis ( medialis and l)
Fossa inguinales laterales( l and post anbdo wall)
202
In the abdominal cavity, where is the right and left subphrenic recess located
Right dome diaphragm and right love liver: communicates inferiorly w RIGHT LATERAL CNAAL
left dome diaphragm and stomach. Left love liver penetrates recess: DOES NOT COMMUNICATE inferiorly with the LEFT LATERAL CANAL bc of PHRENOCOCOLIC LIG
203
What fibrous structure surrounds the heart valves
What do they do
Fibrous ring
Serves as attachment point of myocardial muscle
Ensure electrical impulse go through Atria to ventricles
204
What structures are there where parietal and visceral pericardium fuse
Porta arteriarum= opening of aorta and pulmonary trunk
Porta venarum= below, opening for sup/inf vena cava and 4 pulmonary veins
Transverse pericardial sinus
Oblique pericardial sinus
205
What is visceral pericardium
What is parietal pericardium
Epicardium
Serous pericardium and fibrous pericardium
206
What is forms the pericardial cavity
Epicardium ( visceral) and serous pericardium ( parietal)
