248. Regions of the back

Question 1

Borders of the back

Answer 1

superior: superior nuchal line

inferior: line from tailbone to spina iliaca posterior inferior and iliac crest

lateral: lateral surfaces of neck and trunk

Question 2

What are 2 palapable anatomical landmarks on the back

Answer 2

External occipital protuberance

Spinous process of C7

Question 3

Borders of regio colli posterior

Answer 3

Superior: Superior nuchal line

Inferior: Line from spinous process C7 to acromion of scapula

Laterally: Posterior neck region bounded by mastoid process to acromion

Question 4

Regio colli posterior:

The superficial fascia contains sensory nerves and blood vessels. What is found below the Superior nuchal line?

Answer 4

Major occipital nerve

Occipital artery and vein

Also tertiary occiptial nerve

Question 5

Regio colli posterior:

Cutaneous nerves of this region

Answer 5

Medial rami of the dorsal rami of spinal nerves 4-8

occiptales minor nerve from cervical plexus

Question 6

Regio colli posterior:

Deep fascia:
Where is the nuchal ligament located

Answer 6

From external occipital protuberance and external occipital crest to spinous processes of cervical vertebrae

Question 7

Regio colli posterior:

Deep fascia:
Muscles in this compartment

Answer 7

1. Descending region of trapezius
2. Rhomboid major and minor , splenius capitis and cervicis
3. semispinalis capitis, longissimus capitis, levator scapuale
4. Semispinalis cervicis,rotatores cervicis, iliocostalis cervicis, longissimus cervicis
5. interspinales attached to spinous processes

Question 8

Regio colli posterior:

Deep fascia:
What vessels supply these muscles

Answer 8

Medial and lateral branches of dorsal rami of soinal nerves

Comitant arterial and venous branches

Arteria et vena cervicalis profunda emerge between semispinalis cervicis and capitis

Occipital artery meets with major occipital nerve on posteriro head region

Question 9

Regio colli posterior:

Are there any lymph nodes?

Answer 9

1/2 nodes: Nodi occipitales

Near trapezius insertion at superiro nuchal line

Question 10

Regio colli posterior:

What is the suboccipital triangle bounded by and what are the contents

Answer 10

Medial: Rectus capitis posteriro major
Superolaterally: obliquus capitis superior
Inferolaterally: obliquus capitis inferior

CONTENTS:
1. Vertebral artery pierces atlantoccipital membrane and enters foramen magnum

2. Plexus venosus suboccipitalis- v.vertabralis,v.cervicalis profunda, v.occipitalis
3. Suboccipital nerve
4. major occipital nerve

Question 11

Borders of regio scapularis

Answer 11

medial: anguli costarum (v.column)

lateral: posterior border of deltoideus muscle

Superior: line between C7 spinous process and acromion

inferior: Line passing through inferiro angle of scapula

Question 12

Regio scapularis:

Cutaneous innervation

Answer 12

Supraclavicular nerves and cutaneous brachii laterales superior nerves

Question 13

Regio scapularis:

Where does the deep fascia attactch

Answer 13

fossa infraspinata and supraspinata
Forming osteofibrous sheaths for the muscles- separated by scapula spine

Question 14

Regio scapularis:

The muscles in the 2 osteofibrous sheaths

Answer 14

superior sheath: supraspinatus muscle

Inferior sheath: Infraspinatus, teres major and minor

Question 15

Regio scapularis:

What 2 foramina are found in this region

Answer 15

foramen axillare laterale (quadrangular space)

foramen axillare mediale (triangular space)

Question 16

Regio scapularis:

How many NVBs in this region

Answer 16

3

Question 17

Regio scapularis:

Contents of each NVB

Answer 17

1. (MAIN) n.a.v suprascapularis, a.v circumflexa scapulae and anastomose with a.v deep suprascapularis

2.(MED MARGIN SCAPULA) Ramus profundus of a. transversa colli and n. dorsalis scapulae

3. n.acessorius, superfical branch of a. transversa colli

Question 18

Regio Infrascapularis borders

Answer 18

Superior: horizontal line passing inf angle scapula

Inferior: inf chest border (rib12)

Medial: anguli costarum

Lateral: posterior axillary line

Question 19

Regio Infrascapularis:

Muscles

Answer 19

superficial layer: latissimus dorsi

Deep: serratus posterior inferior and bit of obliquus externus abdominis

Question 20

Regio Infrascapularis:

cutaneous innervation

Answer 20

lateral rami of the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves

lateral cutaneous rami of the intercostal nerves

Question 21

Regio Infrascapularis:

how many NVB and contents

Answer 21

1

n.a.v thoracodorsalis

Question 22

Regio lumbalis borders

Answer 22

Superior: 12th rib

Inferior: Crista iliaca

Medial: erecotr spinae

Lateral: Posterior axillary line

Question 23

Regio lumbalis:

What is formed by the subcutaneous adipose layer and subcutaneous layer of gluteal region

Answer 23

massa adiposa lumboglutealis

Question 24

Regio lumbalis:

Cutaneous innervation

Answer 24

rr. laterrales of the dorsal rami of the spinal nerves

Superior clunium nerves

Question 25

Regio lumbalis: The deep fascia covers the muscle layers comprised of what

Answer 25

1. latissimus dorsi and lower part of obliquus externus abdominis 2. serratus posterior inferior and obliquus internus abdominis 3. transversus abdominis muscle and aponeurosis

Question 26

Regio lumbalis: What triangular spce is formed by magins of latissimus dorsi and obliquus exterus abdominis

Answer 26

trigonum lumbale inferius (of petit)

Question 27

Regio lumbalis: What triangular space is formed by serratus posteriro inferiror, obliquus internus abdominis and 12th rib

Answer 27

spatium lumbale Floor of this covered by aponeurosis of transversus abdominis muscle

Question 28

Regio lumbalis: What NVB pierces the aponeurosis of transversus abdominis muscle

Answer 28

n.a.v subcostalis

Question 29

Regio lumbalis: What is fascia transversalis

Answer 29

Found deeper to m. transversus abdominis Extends to form fascia quadrata

Question 30

What vessels courses through lumbar region

Answer 30

n.a.v subcostalis , n. iliohypogastricus n. ilioinguinalis

Question 31

What branch from cervical plexus is the n.occipitalis minor coming from

Answer 31

C2-C3 ventral branch

Question 32

What branch is n. occipitalis major from

Answer 32

C2 dorsal spinal branch

Question 33

What branch is suboccipital nerve

Answer 33

C1 dorsal branch

Question 34

From what artery does the vertebral artery originate from

Answer 34

Subclavian artery

Question 35

Where is the best area to hear the sounds of lungs

Answer 35

Triangle of auscultation It is close to inferior angle of scapula Inf: latissimus dorsi Superolaterally: Trapezius Superomedially: Rhomboid major

Question 36

What branches are the intercostal nerves

Answer 36

VENTRAL branches of the thoracic nerves

Question 37

Where are nn. clunium superiores from

Answer 37

first 3 posterior branches of lumbar spinal nerves Specifically the lateral branch (superiores)