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Year 4 Cancer Care > Random > Flashcards

Random Flashcards

1
Q

What cancers does smoking predispose to?

A

. Bladder cancer

. Lung cancer

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2
Q

What cancer does chemotherapy predispose to?

A

Acute myeloid leukaemia

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3
Q 
Which cancers are associated with the following viruses 
A) herpes virus 
B) hepatitis virus 
C) retroviruses 
D) papilloma virus
A

A) nasopharyngeal, burkitts lymphoma, kaposis sarcoma
B) hepatocellular
C) adult T cell leukaemia
D) cervical and anal cancer

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4
Q

What cancer is helicobacter pylori associated with?

A

Gastric cancer

Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas

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5
Q

What cancer is UV radiation associated with?

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Non melanocytic skin cancer

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6
Q

What cancer is associated with CT imaging?

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

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7
Q

What cancers are associated with therapeutic radiotherapy?

A

Medullary thyroid cancer

Sarcoma

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8
Q

What cancer is associated with ulcerative colitis?

A

Colon cancer

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9
Q

What cancers are associated with…
A) androgenic anabolic steroids
B) oestrogens

A

A) hepatocellular carcinoma

B) endometrial and breast cancer

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10
Q

What are the effects of COCP on the risk of
A) breast cancer
B) ovarian
C) endometrial

A

A) no effect
B) reduced risk
C) reduced risk

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11
Q

What are the effects of HRT on…
A) ovarian cancer
B) breast cancer
C) endometrial cancer

A

A) increased
B) increased
C) increase if oestrogen only use

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12
Q

What cancer are xeroderma Pigmentosum more at risk of?

A

UV (non iodising radiation) induced skin malignancy.

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13
Q

What cancers are alcoholics at risk of?

A

Breast, liver, ovary, GI tract

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14
Q

What tumour is associated with ADH and ACTH production and what are the consequences of this?

A

SCLC
Consequence of too much ADH= hyponatraemia and confusion
Consequence of too much ACTH= cushings syndrome

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15
Q

What tumours are associated with factor X and what does this lead to?

A

Breast, prostate, ovary, pancreas

Leads to trousseau syndrome (prothrombotic tendency)

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16
Q

What tumour is associated with B-HCG and what are the consequences of this?

A

Germ cell tumour

Consequences= Gynaecomastia

17
Q

What tumours are associated with Insulin and what is the consequence of this?

A

Insulinomas, mesenchymal tumours

Hypoglycaemia

18
Q

What tumours are associated with norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine and what are the consequences of this?

A

Phaeochromocytoma

Consequences= hypertension, flushing, headache, palpitations

19
Q

What tumour is associated with oestrogens and what is the consequence of this?

A

Sertoli leydig cancer of the ovary or testis, hepatoma

Causes gynaecomastia

20
Q

What tumour is associated with PTHrP and what is the consequence of this?

A

NSCLC
Breast
Kidney
Myeloma

Consequence= hypercalcaemia

21
Q

What can cushings syndrome be a result of?

A

Pituitary adenoma (cushings disease)
Adrenal adenoma
Ectopic ACTH production

22
Q

How can you confirm ectopic ACTH production by tumours?

A

24 hour urinary free cortisol
High serum ACTH (>200)
Failure to suppress cortisol after a high dose dexamethasone suppression test

23
Q

What is a carcinoid syndrome?

A

This occurs when a rare cancerous tumour called a caricinoid tumour secretes certain chemicals into your bloodstream, causing a variety in signs and symptoms.

24
Q

The WHO performance status is sometimes used to see whether patients are suitable for chemo, what is the WHO performance status?

A 
0= able to carry out all normal activity without restriction 
1= restricted in strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out light work 
2= ambulatory and able to carry out self care but unable to carry out any work activities, they are up and about more than 50% of waking hours
3= not bedridden but symptomatic and in chair/bed for more than 50% of waking hours
4= completely disabled, cannot carry out self care, totally confined to bed or chair
25
Q

What are the side effects of radiotherapy?

A 
The side effects of radiotherapy can be classified into both early and late side effects...
Early...
- tiredness
- fatigue
- skin erythema
- Mucositis (diarrhoea/dysuria) 
- alopecia
Late...
Skin pigmentation changes
Pulmonary fibrosis 
Infertility 
Secondary cancers 
Constrictive pericarditis
26
Q

A 75 year old man presents to his GP with increasingly problematic diarrhoea for the past two weeks. He complains that it is associated with pain on defecation and there is occasionally blood present on the outside of his stool. He has tried loperamide over the counter but reports that this has not had any effect. He denies any fever or vomiting and has not had any unexplained weight loss over the past couple of months. He reports that he is currently receiving external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. He has no other past medical history.

What is the single most likely cause?

A

The radiotherapy- this has caused mucositis

Year 4 Cancer Care (13 decks)

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