Random Flashcards
What cancers does smoking predispose to?
. Bladder cancer
. Lung cancer
What cancer does chemotherapy predispose to?
Acute myeloid leukaemia
Which cancers are associated with the following viruses A) herpes virus B) hepatitis virus C) retroviruses D) papilloma virus
A) nasopharyngeal, burkitts lymphoma, kaposis sarcoma
B) hepatocellular
C) adult T cell leukaemia
D) cervical and anal cancer
What cancer is helicobacter pylori associated with?
Gastric cancer
Gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphomas
What cancer is UV radiation associated with?
Basal cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Non melanocytic skin cancer
What cancer is associated with CT imaging?
Cholangiocarcinoma
What cancers are associated with therapeutic radiotherapy?
Medullary thyroid cancer
Sarcoma
What cancer is associated with ulcerative colitis?
Colon cancer
What cancers are associated with…
A) androgenic anabolic steroids
B) oestrogens
A) hepatocellular carcinoma
B) endometrial and breast cancer
What are the effects of COCP on the risk of
A) breast cancer
B) ovarian
C) endometrial
A) no effect
B) reduced risk
C) reduced risk
What are the effects of HRT on…
A) ovarian cancer
B) breast cancer
C) endometrial cancer
A) increased
B) increased
C) increase if oestrogen only use
What cancer are xeroderma Pigmentosum more at risk of?
UV (non iodising radiation) induced skin malignancy.
What cancers are alcoholics at risk of?
Breast, liver, ovary, GI tract
What tumour is associated with ADH and ACTH production and what are the consequences of this?
SCLC
Consequence of too much ADH= hyponatraemia and confusion
Consequence of too much ACTH= cushings syndrome
What tumours are associated with factor X and what does this lead to?
Breast, prostate, ovary, pancreas
Leads to trousseau syndrome (prothrombotic tendency)
What tumour is associated with B-HCG and what are the consequences of this?
Germ cell tumour
Consequences= Gynaecomastia
What tumours are associated with Insulin and what is the consequence of this?
Insulinomas, mesenchymal tumours
Hypoglycaemia
What tumours are associated with norepinephrine, epinephrine and dopamine and what are the consequences of this?
Phaeochromocytoma
Consequences= hypertension, flushing, headache, palpitations
What tumour is associated with oestrogens and what is the consequence of this?
Sertoli leydig cancer of the ovary or testis, hepatoma
Causes gynaecomastia
What tumour is associated with PTHrP and what is the consequence of this?
NSCLC
Breast
Kidney
Myeloma
Consequence= hypercalcaemia
What can cushings syndrome be a result of?
Pituitary adenoma (cushings disease)
Adrenal adenoma
Ectopic ACTH production
How can you confirm ectopic ACTH production by tumours?
24 hour urinary free cortisol
High serum ACTH (>200)
Failure to suppress cortisol after a high dose dexamethasone suppression test
What is a carcinoid syndrome?
This occurs when a rare cancerous tumour called a caricinoid tumour secretes certain chemicals into your bloodstream, causing a variety in signs and symptoms.
The WHO performance status is sometimes used to see whether patients are suitable for chemo, what is the WHO performance status?
0= able to carry out all normal activity without restriction 1= restricted in strenuous activity but ambulatory and able to carry out light work 2= ambulatory and able to carry out self care but unable to carry out any work activities, they are up and about more than 50% of waking hours 3= not bedridden but symptomatic and in chair/bed for more than 50% of waking hours 4= completely disabled, cannot carry out self care, totally confined to bed or chair
