Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

UWorld Step 3 > Random > Flashcards

Random Flashcards

1
Q

What is a rare but devastating complication of ovulation induction?

A

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the ovulation induction agent and how do they act on the ovary?

A

HCG Injections stimulate multiple Follicle production to prepare for egg retrieval and patience with IVF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What leads to ascites and ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?

A

When follicles artificially mature, the ovaries overexpresses vascular into endothelial growth factor VEGF, resulting in increased vascular permeability and capillary capillary leakage. The increased permeability causes fluid shifts into the actual vascular space, and third spacing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What kind a third spacing in his hearing and hyperstimulation syndrome lead to?

A

Ascites plural and pericardial if fusion’s, electrolyte imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do patience with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (0HSS) present?

A

One or two weeks after ovulation induction patient will present with nausea vomiting abdominal pain and bilateral in large ovaries with multiple follicles. Rapid weight gain, dyspnea, oliguria/Anuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the concomitant intravascular volume depletion in 0HSS cause?

A

Hemoconcentration, hypercoagulability, and hypovolemic shock in severe cases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the severe complications of OHSS?

A

Renal failure, acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascularcoagulation/thromboembolism, and death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the treatment for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome?

A

Paracentesis or duress and teases, monitoring fluid and balances, correcting electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the cost for overflow incontinence?

A

Incomplete bladder emptying resulting from decreased to Trieu’s or mussel contract Hillary or a bladder outlet obstruction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why does the urine dribble out and what is the other symptoms for overflow incontinence ?

A

Intravesicular pressure is too big, constant urinary leakage, nocturia, weak urinary stream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the typical examination findings?

A

Decreased peroneal sensation neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the post void residual urine volume for overflow in continent patients?

A

Large, greater than 150 mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What neuropathiea are over like cotton is associated with?

A

Poorly controlled diabetes, spinal injury, multiple sclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What can result in the exacerbation of symptoms for overflow incontinence patients?

A

Underlying neuropathy with additional risk factors such as anti-histamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for overflow incontinence?

A

Correction of underlying etiology and intermittent self-catheterization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How can lichen sclerosis lead to urinary symptoms? And what are they?

A

The thinning, hypopigmentation, pruritus/scratching results in plaques and thinking of skin, may lead to atrophy of labia minora and clitoral hood which may irritate and obstruct the urethra resulting in dysuria and complete voiding and nocturia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

We should be done for like lichen sclerosis after it diagnosed?

A

Diagnosed clinically however vulvar punch biopsy is recommended due to his association with a valvular cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the treatment for lichen sclerosis?

A

Hi potency topical corticosteroids in order to decrease inflammation there by resolving symptoms and reducing the risk of malignancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What increases the risk for crypto orchidism?

A

Premature and small for gestational age increases the risk of undescended testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the treatment for crypto organism?

A

Orchioplexy The surgical fixation of the testes to the scrotal wall, Done after six months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How can a cute urinary retention lead to elevated serum PSA?

A

Acute urinary retention can lead to prosthetic inflammation and swelling and transient PSA elevation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If elevated PSA is the concern why what should not be done?

A

Digital rectal exam because can cause mildly elevated PSA

23
Q

Amitriptyline induced urinary retention can have what affect on PSA?

A

Increase due to acute urinary retention

24
Q

What can lead to persistently elevated PSA?

A

BPH, prostate cancer, prosthetic inflammation or infection prostatitis. Acute urinary retention results and transient elevation

25
Q

What can lead to transient PSA elevation?

A

Urinary retention, ejaculation, DRE, cystoscopy or any other urologic procedure, acute prostate infection

26
Q

What makes acute bacterial prostatitis more likely than a urinary tract infection?

A

Fever dysuria leukocytosis and lower abdominal pain with Pieria and back to year you are common in both however the presence of tender and swollen prostate makes acute bacterial prostatitis more likely

27
Q

What is a common complication for acute bacterial prostatitis? How?

A

Acute urinary retention due to your re-throw impingement from prostate swelling

28
Q

What is the treatment for the complication of acute bacterial prostatitis, Acute urinary retention? What is the risk?

A

Bladder decompression with suprapubic catheterization. Risk of septic shock. Antibiotics are also used, Bactrim, ciprofloxacin

29
Q

What does a absent creamasteric reflex on examination indicate?

A

Testicular injury or testicular torsion or a normal variant

30
Q

When is for the workup as oppose to oral analgesic/ice packs warranted in patient with scrotal trauma?

A

self resolving symptoms with analgesics then work up not indicated however if significant swelling or significant pain management requiring IV morphine then for the work up is indicated

31
Q

What is it for the work up in scrotal trauma? Why?

A

Scrotal ultrasound to assess the extent of injury and guide therapy

32
Q

Why is a urine analysis done for patients with scrotal trauma?

A

To check for he materia because it could indicate potential injury of the urinary tract

33
Q

When is surgical exploration and repair required for patients with scrotal trauma? When should it be done? Why?

A

If scrotal ultrasound reveals testicular rupture, fracture, avulsion, compression by scrotal hematoma. Should be done within 72 hours to optimize testicular salvage

34
Q

What is Leriche syndrome?

A

Triad of lower extremity claudication, absent or diminished femoral pulses, and erectile dysfunction

35
Q

We should be done for patients with ED and three or more atherosclerotic risk factors or symptomatic PAD? When should ED medication be given

A

Screen for cardiovascular disease, exercise or pharmacologic stress test. They should be done before initiating specific therapy for sexual dysfunction

36
Q

What are the possible symptoms for a pelvic organ prolapse?

A

Urinary defecatory and sexual dysfunction

37
Q

How are symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse patients treated? How is one chosen over the other?

A

Pessary or surgery. The patient has cardiovascular or pulmonary, but it is should be managed conservatively with pessary

38
Q

What are the urinary problems that can result from pelvic organ prolapse?

A

Obstructed voiding, urinary retention, urinary incontinence

39
Q

Height and pubertal development correlate closely to what? Bone age or chronological age?

A

Bone age

40
Q

What is constitutional delay of puberty? What is delayed puberty?

A

Short stature but normal growth velocity 4 to 6 cm per year. No Secondary characteristics by age 14 and 12 for boys and girls respectively

41
Q

Routine screening of what for sexually active women younger than 25 as part of preventative care? If positive what should be done?

A

Chlamydia and gonorrhea due to possible asymptomatic infection and complications with infertility. If positive screen for other STI diseases are indicated such as HIV and syphilis

42
Q

Why does prostate cancer have a high risk for over diagnosis?

A

16% and then will develop prostate cancer with in their lifetime. There is a long pre-clinical phase. Many patients will not become clinically significant during their lifetime

43
Q

What test can be done for early detection of prostate cancer? What is the drawback?

A

Prostate specific antigen PSA test, however, lead to text slow growing tumor’s

44
Q

What are the patients are prostate cancer routine screening not recommended?

A

Patient less 55, patients greater or equal to 70 or life expectancy less than 10 years

45
Q

Screening for prostate cancer in average risk men age 55 to 69 should only be done after what? What are the risk?

A

Education and shared decision making. False positives, adverse effects of treatment (sexual dysfunction, urinary incontinence)

46
Q

What is priapism?

A

Persistent greater than four hours painful erection. Characterized by N. Outflow from the corporate cavernosa leading to acidosis and Auxier and tissue ischemia

47
Q

What are the risk factor for ischemic priapism?

A

Phosphodiesterase five inhibitors, intracavernosal injection alprostadil, medications such as trazodone and sickle cell disease

48
Q

How is ischemic priapism diagnosed?

A

Confirmed by blood gas analysis of corporeal aspirate

49
Q

What is the treatment for priapism?

A

If mild then your nation or cold compression. If last longer than four hours requires invasive treatment. Aspiration of corpora cavernosa followed by irrigation with cold Saline, with intracavernosal injection of alpha agonist phenylephrine if aspiration doesn’t rapidly relieve symptoms

50
Q

How does Infant botulism present?

A

Younger than one year. Constipation poor feeding, hypotonia. Ocular bulbar palsies. Descending paralysis symmetric. Autonomic dysfunction, and decreased salvation and fluctuating heart rate and blood pressure

51
Q

How does Scombroid poisoning present?

A

Flashing, throbbing headache, palpitations, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, or a burning, begin 10 to 30 minutes after ingesting fish and his self limited. Physical findings such as hypertension and tachycardia and wheezing and skin erythema may exist

52
Q

Licorice due to the body on a molecular level?

A

Inhibits dehydrogenase preventing the conversion of cortisol to Cortizone, excess cortisol Binds to mineralocorticoid receptors causing hypertension hyper kalemia and metabolic alkalosis

53
Q

What can be used to assess the extent of airway involvement for inhalation injury’s?

A

Fiber-optic laryngoscopy or a bronchoscopy

UWorld Step 3 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions