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Question 1

Findings specific to Sarcoidosis

Answer 1

Non caseating granulomas with epithelioid histiocytes

Question 2

Pathological findings a/w Sarcoidosis

Answer 2

Specific ones +

Mutinucleated giant cells of langhans, asteroid bodies, schaumann bodies(less specific)

Question 3

Salmon colored sputum
Rusty color
Currant jelly sputum
Blue green color

Answer 3

S. Aureus ( aspiration pneumonia)
S. Pneumonia
Klebsiella (alcoholic)
Pseudomonas ( CF)

Question 4

Endochondrial ossification vs

Intramembranous ossification

Answer 4

Limbs, hands, and feet

Skull, maxilla, mandible, pelvis, face and clavicle and subpriosteal surface of long bones

Question 5

Reye syndrome

Answer 5

Occurs post viral infection( vayo I Ella or influenza)

Liver ( microvesicular steatosis) and brain (edema)

Enlarged Distorted mitochondria

Question 6

Menetrier disease

Histology

Answer 6

Rare protein loosing gastropathy

Marked hyperplasia of mucus secreting cells - decreased protein reabsorption

Hyperplastic gastropathy, enlarged rugal folds

Question 7

Enlarged rugal folds seen in

Answer 7

Menetrier disease
Infiltrative cancer
Lymphoma
Hypersecretory gastropathy

Question 8

Hyperplastic colonic polyp

Answer 8

Sawtooth glandular epithelium composed of proliferated goblet cells and columnar epithelium.

No maignant potential

Question 9

Zenker divertiiculum

Answer 9

killians triangle between inferior constrictor muscle and cricopharyngeus

Question 10

Causes of renal papillary necrosis

Answer 10

POSTCARDS 
Pyelonephritis
Obstruction of urogenital tract
Sickle cell disease 
TB
Chronic liver disease 
Analgesic/ alcohol abuse
Renal transplant rejection
Diabetes mellitus 
Systemic vasculitis

Question 11

Tick bite transmits

Answer 11

Lyme disease
Babesiosis 
Ehrlichiosis 
Tularemia 
Rmsf 
Colorado tick fever

Question 12

AV fistula

Answer 12

Increased venous pressure
Increased venous oxygen content
Decreased venous carbon dioxide content
Slightly decreased venous hematocrit
Heart failure ( if very large)
Ischemic damage in the affected region

Question 13

5 conditions associated with largo virus

Answer 13

• Fifth disease/ erythema infectiosum
• Arthropathy
• Transient aplastic crisis in those with chronic hemolytic disorders
• Fetal infection leading to non immune hydrops fetalis, intrauterine fetal death, or miscarriage
• Pure red blood cell aplasia in immunocomprimised individuals.

Question 14

Molluscum Contagiosum histo

Answer 14

Intravellular inclusions seen in viral infections.

Cytoplasmic inclusions in epidermal cells are pathognomonic for molluscum contagiosum.

Question 15

Psoriasis

Answer 15

Parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthodians.
Auspitz sign
Munro abscesses ( inflammatory cells in epidermis and dermis) and elongation of rete pegs and dermal papillae.

Question 16

Beery aneurysms a/w

Answer 16

Ehlers Danlos

polycystic kidney disease

Question 17

Positive VDRL

Answer 17

Mono 
Rheumatoid Factor 
Lupus 
Leprosy
IV drug users

Question 18

Ewing sarcoma and Primitive neuroectodermal tumors

Answer 18

t (11;22). both aggressive childhood tumors
Ewing: diaphysis of long bones
PNET: soft tissue

Question 19

Tumors with cyclin dependent kinases

Answer 19

glioblastoma, melanoma and sarcomas

Question 20

tumors with growth factors

Answer 20

astrocytoma, osteosarcoma, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and thyroid cancer

Question 21

tumors with growth factor receptors

Answer 21

squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, gliomas, breast cancers, ovarian cancers, leukemia, MEN 2, familial medullary thyroid carcinomas and GI stromal tumors

Question 22

Tumors with signal transducing proteins

Answer 22

colon tumors, lung tumors, pancreatic tumors, bladder tumors, kidney tumors, melanomas, hematologic malgnancies, and HCC

Question 23

Function of Golgi

Answer 23

Adds mannose-6-phosphate to proteins for trafficking to lysosomes.
modifies N-oligosaccharides on asparagine.
Adds O-oligosachharides on serine and threonine.
distribution center for proteins and lipids from ER to the vesicles and plasma membrane.

Question 24

Endosomes

Answer 24

sorting centers for material from outside the cell or from the Golgi, sending it to lysosomes for destruction or back to the membrane/golgi for further use.

Question 25

Drugs that act on microtubule

Answer 25

(microtubules get constructed very poorly)

mebendazole, griseofulvin, colchicine, vinblastine/vincristine, paclitaxel,