Random Flashcards
Findings specific to Sarcoidosis
Non caseating granulomas with epithelioid histiocytes
Pathological findings a/w Sarcoidosis
Specific ones +
Mutinucleated giant cells of langhans, asteroid bodies, schaumann bodies(less specific)
Salmon colored sputum
Rusty color
Currant jelly sputum
Blue green color
S. Aureus ( aspiration pneumonia)
S. Pneumonia
Klebsiella (alcoholic)
Pseudomonas ( CF)
Endochondrial ossification vs
Intramembranous ossification
Limbs, hands, and feet
Skull, maxilla, mandible, pelvis, face and clavicle and subpriosteal surface of long bones
Reye syndrome
Occurs post viral infection( vayo I Ella or influenza)
Liver ( microvesicular steatosis) and brain (edema)
Enlarged Distorted mitochondria
Menetrier disease
Histology
Rare protein loosing gastropathy
Marked hyperplasia of mucus secreting cells - decreased protein reabsorption
Hyperplastic gastropathy, enlarged rugal folds
Enlarged rugal folds seen in
Menetrier disease
Infiltrative cancer
Lymphoma
Hypersecretory gastropathy
Hyperplastic colonic polyp
Sawtooth glandular epithelium composed of proliferated goblet cells and columnar epithelium.
No maignant potential
Zenker divertiiculum
killians triangle between inferior constrictor muscle and cricopharyngeus
Causes of renal papillary necrosis
POSTCARDS Pyelonephritis Obstruction of urogenital tract Sickle cell disease TB Chronic liver disease Analgesic/ alcohol abuse Renal transplant rejection Diabetes mellitus Systemic vasculitis
Tick bite transmits
Lyme disease Babesiosis Ehrlichiosis Tularemia Rmsf Colorado tick fever
AV fistula
Increased venous pressure Increased venous oxygen content Decreased venous carbon dioxide content Slightly decreased venous hematocrit Heart failure ( if very large) Ischemic damage in the affected region
5 conditions associated with largo virus
- Fifth disease/ erythema infectiosum
- Arthropathy
- Transient aplastic crisis in those with chronic hemolytic disorders
- Fetal infection leading to non immune hydrops fetalis, intrauterine fetal death, or miscarriage
- Pure red blood cell aplasia in immunocomprimised individuals.
Molluscum Contagiosum histo
Intravellular inclusions seen in viral infections.
Cytoplasmic inclusions in epidermal cells are pathognomonic for molluscum contagiosum.
Psoriasis
Parakeratosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthodians.
Auspitz sign
Munro abscesses ( inflammatory cells in epidermis and dermis) and elongation of rete pegs and dermal papillae.
Beery aneurysms a/w
Ehlers Danlos
polycystic kidney disease
Positive VDRL
Mono Rheumatoid Factor Lupus Leprosy IV drug users
Ewing sarcoma and Primitive neuroectodermal tumors
t (11;22). both aggressive childhood tumors
Ewing: diaphysis of long bones
PNET: soft tissue
Tumors with cyclin dependent kinases
glioblastoma, melanoma and sarcomas
tumors with growth factors
astrocytoma, osteosarcoma, stomach cancer, bladder cancer, melanoma, hepatocellular carcinoma and thyroid cancer
tumors with growth factor receptors
squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, gliomas, breast cancers, ovarian cancers, leukemia, MEN 2, familial medullary thyroid carcinomas and GI stromal tumors
Tumors with signal transducing proteins
colon tumors, lung tumors, pancreatic tumors, bladder tumors, kidney tumors, melanomas, hematologic malgnancies, and HCC
Function of Golgi
Adds mannose-6-phosphate to proteins for trafficking to lysosomes.
modifies N-oligosaccharides on asparagine.
Adds O-oligosachharides on serine and threonine.
distribution center for proteins and lipids from ER to the vesicles and plasma membrane.
Endosomes
sorting centers for material from outside the cell or from the Golgi, sending it to lysosomes for destruction or back to the membrane/golgi for further use.
Drugs that act on microtubule
(microtubules get constructed very poorly)
mebendazole, griseofulvin, colchicine, vinblastine/vincristine, paclitaxel,
