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Biochem > Classic/ relevant treatments > Flashcards

Classic/ relevant treatments Flashcards

1
Q

ethylene glycol / methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

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2
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

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3
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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4
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin

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5
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, cetaroline

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6
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

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7
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/ cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

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8
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer of linked to endocarditis

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9
Q

Enterococci

A

Vanvomycin, aminopenicillins/ cephalosporins

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10
Q

Haemophilus influenza B

A

Amoxicillin+- clavulanate (mucosal infections), ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)

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11
Q

Legionella pneumophilia

A

Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)

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12
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems

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13
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin G

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14
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycine (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants

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15
Q

Rickettsia reckettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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17
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)

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18
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

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19
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4<200/mm3)

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20
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

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21
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primazuine (for liver hypnozoite)

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22
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

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23
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

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24
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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25
Q

Neisseria gonorrhea

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)

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26
Q

Clostridium difficle

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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27
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE

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28
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

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29
Q

Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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30
Q

PDA

A

Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs

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31
Q

Stable angina

A

sublingual nitroglycerin

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32
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

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33
Q

Buerger diseas

A

Smoking cessation

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34
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener)

A

cyclosphosphamide, corticosteroids

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35
Q

Kawasaki diseas

A

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

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36
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose sterouds

37
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)

38
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

alpha antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)

39
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/ bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

40
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorthiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

41
Q

SIADH

A

fluid restriction, IV hypertronic saline, conivaptan/ tolvaptan, demeclocycline

42
Q

DM type 1

A

dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement

43
Q

DM type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

44
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

fluids, insulin, K

45
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octrotide

46
Q

Crohn disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

47
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (eg mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

48
Q

hypertriglyceridemia

A

fibrate

49
Q

sickle cell disease

A

hydroxyurea (increase fetal hgb)

50
Q

CML

A

imatinib

51
Q

AML (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

52
Q

Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

53
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

54
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

55
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban

56
Q

warfarin reversal

A

FFP (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)

57
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

58
Q

HER2/neu + breast cancer

A

Transtuxumab

59
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphophonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

60
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

61
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; pronenecid

62
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

63
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

64
Q

Migraine

A

Abortive therapies (eg sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

65
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

66
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

Disease-modifying therapies (eg, B-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

67
Q

Degeneration of dorsal column fibers

A

Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospial, spinocerebellar tracts affected)

68
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Levetiracetam, pheytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

69
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

70
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

71
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine

72
Q

Bulemia nervosa

A

SSRIs

73
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care

74
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine

75
Q

alcohol withdrawal

A

long-acting benzodiazepenes

76
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics

77
Q

Depression

A

SSRI (first line)

78
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

79
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

Typical and atypical antipsychotics

80
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

Atypical antipsychotics

81
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spirinolactone

82
Q

BPH

A

Alpha 1 antagonists, 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors

83
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

84
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

85
Q

ER + breast cancer

A

Tamoxigen

86
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids

A

leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

87
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

88
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

Biochem (9 decks)

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