Classic/ relevant treatments Flashcards
ethylene glycol / methanol intoxication
Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)
Neisseria meningitidis
Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)
Clostridium botulinum
Antitoxin
Clostridium tetani
Antitoxin
Staphylococcus aureus
MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, cetaroline
Streptococcus pyogenes
Penicillin prophylaxis
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Penicillin/ cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)
Streptococcus bovis
Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer of linked to endocarditis
Enterococci
Vanvomycin, aminopenicillins/ cephalosporins
Haemophilus influenza B
Amoxicillin+- clavulanate (mucosal infections), ceftriaxone (meningitis), rifampin (prophylaxis)
Legionella pneumophilia
Macrolides (eg, azithromycin)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Piperacillin/tazobactam, aminoglycosides, carbapenems
Treponema pallidum
Penicillin G
Chlamydia trachomatis
Doxycycine (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), oral erythromycin to treat chlamydial conjunctivitis in infants
Rickettsia reckettsii
Doxycycline, chloramphenicol
Candida albicans
Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)
Cryptococcus neoformans
Induction with amphotericin B and flucytosine, maintenance with fluconazole (in AIDS patients)
Sporothrix schenckii
Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide
Pneumocystis jirovecii
TMP-SMX (prophylaxis and treatment in immunosuppressed patients, CD4<200/mm3)
Toxoplasma gondii
Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine
Malaria
Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primazuine (for liver hypnozoite)
Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole (patient and partner)
Influenza
Oseltamivir, zanamivir
CMV
Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir
Neisseria gonorrhea
Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent C. trachomatis)
Clostridium difficle
Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
RIPE
UTI prophylaxis
TMP-SMX
Chronic hepatitis B or C
IFN-alpha (HBV and HCV); ribavirin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)
PDA
Close with indomethacin; keep open with PGE analogs
Stable angina
sublingual nitroglycerin
Hypercholesterolemia
Statin (first-line)
Buerger diseas
Smoking cessation
Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener)
cyclosphosphamide, corticosteroids
Kawasaki diseas
IVIG, high-dose aspirin
Temporal arteritis
High-dose sterouds
Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue
Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine)
Pheochromocytoma
alpha antagonists (eg phenoxybenzamine)
Prolactinoma
Cabergoline/ bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)
Diabetes insipidus
Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorthiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)
SIADH
fluid restriction, IV hypertronic saline, conivaptan/ tolvaptan, demeclocycline
DM type 1
dietary intervention (low carbohydrate) + insulin replacement
DM type 2
Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)
Diabetic ketoacidosis
fluids, insulin, K
Carcinoid syndrome
Octrotide
Crohn disease
Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine
Ulcerative colitis
5-ASA preparations (eg mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy
hypertriglyceridemia
fibrate
sickle cell disease
hydroxyurea (increase fetal hgb)
CML
imatinib
AML (M3)
All-trans retinoic acid
Drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy
Heparin
Heparin reversal
Protamine sulfate
Immediate anticoagulation
Heparin
Long-term anticoagulation
Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban
warfarin reversal
FFP (acute), vitamin K (non-acute)
Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis
Mesna
HER2/neu + breast cancer
Transtuxumab
Osteoporosis
Calcium/vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphophonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)
Osteomalacia/rickets
Vitamin D supplementation
Chronic gout
Xanthine oxidase inhibitors (eg, allopurinol, febuxostat); pegloticase; pronenecid
Acute gout attack
NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids
Neural tube defect prevention
Prenatal folic acid
Migraine
Abortive therapies (eg sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (eg, propranolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)
Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)
Carbamazepine
Multiple Sclerosis
Disease-modifying therapies (eg, B-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids
Degeneration of dorsal column fibers
Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns, lateral corticospial, spinocerebellar tracts affected)
Tonic-clonic seizures
Levetiracetam, pheytoin, valproate, carbamazepine
Absence seizures
Ethosuximide
Malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
Anorexia
Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine
Bulemia nervosa
SSRIs
Alcoholism
Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care
ADHD
Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine, guanfacine, clonidine
alcohol withdrawal
long-acting benzodiazepenes
Bipolar disorder
Mood stabilizers (eg, lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine), atypical antipsychotics
Depression
SSRI (first line)
Generalized anxiety disorder
SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)
Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)
Typical and atypical antipsychotics
Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)
Atypical antipsychotics
Hyperaldosteronism
Spirinolactone
BPH
Alpha 1 antagonists, 5 alpha reductase inhibitors, PDE-5 inhibitors
Infertility
Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene
Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman
Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)
ER + breast cancer
Tamoxigen
Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids
leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)
Erectile dysfunction
Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)
Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol