Random Flashcards
what is the recommended alcohol consumption for men and women over week?
14 units
how do you work out alcohol units?
(%xVol)/1000
in a palliative patient how do you manage a bowel obstruction?
analgesia
antiemetics
improve motility with laxative and pro kinetics
decrease gastric secretions (anticholinergics or somatostatin analogue)
NG tube
what % of cancer patients does cauda equina syndrome occur?
5%
how can you treat neuropathic pain?
TCA e.g amitriptyline
anticonvulsants e.g. gabapentin
steroids e.g. dexamethosone
how may you treat an palliative and severely agitated patient?
sedation
Haloperidol , levomepramazine, midazolam
name 3 common hospital aqcuired infections
C.diff, MRSA, norovirus
is C.diff aerobic or anaerobic?
anaerobic
What symptoms does a C.diff infection cause?
mild diarrhoea, pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon
can be an asymptomatic carrier
what investigation should you order if you suspect someone has a C.diff infection?
stool test
which abx may suppress gut flora allowing C.diff to flourish?
cephalosporins (cef-)
fluoroquinolones- ciprofloxacin
clindamycin
co-amoxiclav
how would you manage a patient with C.diff?
stopp offending abx isolate/PPE fluid as needed avoid anti peristaltic agents consider stopping PPIs Abx- metronidazole, vancomycin
how does the greater omentum respond to perforations?
it moves to plug the area of perforation
how can you treat a liver abscess?
open drainage, laparoscopic drainage or interventional radiological percutaneous drainage (best one)
followed by abx
whats the 1st line investigation to diagnose Lymes disease?
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi
what early sign of lymes disease would allow you to diagnose it on clinical exam alone rather than an ELISA test?
presents of erythema chronic migrans (bulls eye rash)
what abx would you use in early lyme disease?
doxycycline
amoxicillin if doxy is contraindicated e.g. in pregnancy
what abx would you use in disseminated lyme disease?
ceftriaxone
what is the investigation of choice to diagnose idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis?
high resolution CT scan
