Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

My Cards > Random > Flashcards

Random Flashcards

1
Q

Molybdenum breakthrough allowed by NRC

A

May not exceed 0.15 microCi of Mo-99 per 1 mCi of Tc-99m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Minimum peak pixel count in LV myocardium on a planar technetium-99m SPECT projection?

A

200 counts/pixel (anterior projection)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Minimum peak pixel count in LV myocardium on a planar thallium-201 SPECT projection?

A

100 counts/pixel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Compared to adenosine, its receiving regadenoson are more likely to have what?

A

headaches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Prone imaging improves SPECT MPI accuracy because it allows recognition of what?

A

Diaphragmatic attenuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Nitrates-enhanced technetium-99m sestamibi test in evaluating hibernating myocardium compared to thallium rest-distribution

A

higher NPV and higher PPV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

11C-heptagluconate is a tracer of:

A

myocardial fatty acid utilization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

11C-hydroxyephedrine is a tracer of:

A

depict sympathetic innervation of the myocardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

FDG is a tracer of:

A

myocardial glucose metabolism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

11C-acetate is a tracer of:

A

myocardial oxidative substrate metabolism;

can also be use to assess myocardial perfusion given high first-pass myocardial extraction fraction; images obtained early following tracer injection can be used to measure regional tissue blood flow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Organ receiving highest radiation dose in a rubidium-82 PET perfusion study?

A

Kidneys, than heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Minimum number of acquisition projections or stops recommended for SPECT acquisition over 180 degrees using technetium-99m and thallium-201?

A

technetium-99m: 60-64

thallium has lower resolution, so 32 projections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

well counter

A

most sensitive and practical for measuring the swipes that are to test packages delivered to a nuclear lab.

solid scintillation counter and is very sensitive to low levels of radioactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dose calibrator

A

used routinely to measure radiotracer doses prior to being injected into the patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

ionization chamber

A

a gas-filled enclosure between two conducting electrodes that can be used to measure gases, liquids, or solid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Geiger counters

A

used to detect ionizing radiation (usually beta particles, gamma rays, some can detect alpha particles)

an inert gas-filled tube (usually helium, neon, or argon with halogens added) briefly conducts electricity when a particle or photon of radiation makes the gas conductive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

In-vitro labeling of RBCs

A

ultratag

1-3 ml heparinized blood added to vial containing stannous citrate and incubated at room temperature for 5 minutes. During incubation period, the stannous ion diffuses the RBC membrane after which sodium hypochlorite along with acid citrate dextrose is added to the reaction vial, followed by the addition of 30-40 mCi of sodium pertechnetate-technetium-99m and incubated for another 20 minutes. extracellular stannous ion is oxidized by the sodium hypochlorite. The pertechnetate-technetium-99m diffuses the RBC membrane and is reduced inter cellularly by the stannous ions. Reduced pertechnetate-technetium-99m doesn’t diffuse out of the RBC.

Typical labeling efficiency is >97%.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

mSV of SPECT MPI vs Rb82 or NH3 based PET MPI

A

SPECT MPI (technetium): 12-16 mSV

Pet Rb82: 3.7 mSV

PET NH3: 2.3 mSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Annualized event rate for patients with non-ischemic PET perfusion studies and calcium scores between 400-999:

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Radioactive signs

A

not required where radioactive materials are handled for <8 hrs and are under constant observation, and in rooms where sealed sources are stored and the exposure doesn’t exceed 5 mrem/hr at 1 m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

White I limits

A

surface < 0.5 mR/h

at 1m <1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Yellow II

A

Surface >0.5, <50 mR/h

at 1 m, >1, <10

23
Q

Yellow III

A

Surface >50, <200 mR/h

24
Q

Breast feeding after exercise stress Tl-201

A

stop for 2 weeks after test

25
Q

PET - Attenuation correction, what rotating rod sources/rings used to acquire a transmission scan for attenuation correction

A

Germanium-68 (Ge-68/Gallium-68)

or

Cesium-137

26
Q

Calculation of effective half-life (Te)

A

1/Te = 1/Tp + 1/Tb

27
Q

Caution: Very high radiation area sign should be posted in area where radiation exceed

A

> 500 rads/hr at 1 m

28
Q

Fluorine-18 half life

A

110 minutes

29
Q

Technetium-99m half life

A

6 hours

30
Q

thallium-201 half life

A

3.04 days or 73 hours

31
Q

Cobalt-57 half life

A

271.7 days

32
Q

NRC annual body radiation exposure limit for a radiation is:

A

whole body dose 5 rem/year

specific organ limits: 15 rem for eyes, 50 rems for extremities

33
Q

Rubidium-82 is made in:
Carbon-11 is made in:
Fluorine-18 is made in:
Nitrogen-13 is made in:

A

Rubidium is made in generator (eluted from a strontium-82/rubidium-82 generator)

The rest are from cyclotrons

34
Q

Danger: Radiation area

A

Unrestricted area of a nuclear imaging facility.

If <2 mrem/hr, do not require posting

35
Q

Transportation index is a measure of:

A

exposure measurement at 1 m from the surface of the package

36
Q

NRC max. exposure for a pregnant occupational worker is:

A

500 mrem for entire pregnancy (declared pregnant worker)

37
Q

Technetium-99m tracers artifacts:

A

liver and GI activity –> scatter, scaling, or normalizing problems
Ramp filter artifacts associated with filtered back projection during reconstruction

38
Q

Extraction fraction across coronary bed - Technetium-99m agents vs Tl-201

A

lower in Technetium-99m

39
Q

Technetium-99m vs thallium

A

higher photo energy resulting in less tissue attenuation

40
Q

administration of nitrates prior to the resting injection mages of technetium-99m MPI helps:

A

improves readers’ ability to detect viable myocardium in severely hypo-refused segments (similar to thallium)

41
Q

Regadenoson half life

A

initial IV phases of 2 minutes, then a longer intermediate phase of 30 minutes, and a third phase of 2 hours

42
Q

CKD and normal SPECT annual cardiac death rate

A

2.7%

43
Q

No CKD and normal SPECT annual cardiac death rate

A

0.8%

44
Q

CKD and scar annual death rate

A

5.7%

45
Q

CKD and ischemia annual death rate

A

11%

46
Q

DTS annual CV mortality:

high =5

A

=5% annual CV mortality

>=5 is 0.5% annual CV mortality

47
Q

Nitrogen-13 ammonia

A

in some pos, there may be a decrease in nitrogen-13 ammonia uptake in the inferolateral region of the ventricle

48
Q

FDG PET trapping mechanism

A

Once FGD is transported across the cell membrane via GLUT transport proteins (GLUT-1 and LGUT-3 for macrophages), it is phosphorylated by the enzyme hexokinase to FDG-6-phosphate; addition of the phosphate moiety to the molecule largely traps the FDG within the cells, as FDG-6-phospate is a poor substrate for further glycoltytic or glycogen synthetic pathways

49
Q

13NH3 activity in cell

A

13NH3 passively crosses the myocyte cell membrane, once within the cytosol of the cell it is metabolically trapped as glutamine via the glutamine synthase reaction

50
Q

FDG highest dose organ

A

urinary bladder

51
Q

Radiation hormesis

A

a protective effect of exposure to low amounts of ionizing radiation

52
Q

Rubidium-82 highest dose organ

A

kidneys

53
Q

Adenosine’s common adverse event

A

Second degree AVB (4.1%) > hypotension (1.8%) > bradycardia (0.2%) > third degree AVB (0.8%)

54
Q

Agents that can be used for detection of a recent ACS

A

I-123 BMIPP (fatty acid analog that is not taken up in areas of infarction due to cell damage)

Technetium-99m Myoscint (antibody directed to myosin that is exposed following acute damage and detects damage earlier than technetium-99m pyrophosphate)

Technetium-99m pyrophosphate is retained in areas of healing infraction that has been used for detection of infarcts that are 3-7 days old

My Cards (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions