Random 3 Flashcards
Extent to which the independent variable is carried out and implemented correctly
Treatment Fidelity
How often should researchers obtain and report IOA
A minimum of 20%, preferably between 25 and 33%
Stimulus used to increase the future probability of a behavior
A.k.a. primary or unlearned reinforcer
Biological need… Oxygen, food, warmth, sex, shelter. Function as reinforcers due to heredity or evolution
Unconditioned reinforcer
Variables that are relevant to describing the stimulus environment. Can include people and items present. Can shape operant behaviors. 
Environmental variables
Line, bar, cumulative
Equal intervals graphs
Complex dynamic universe of events
Environment
A natural science approach to the study of behavior as a subject matter in its own right. Founded by BF skinner.
Experimental analysis of behavior
Repeated, continued Measurement of clearly defined response classes, Within subject experimental comparisons instead of group designs
Experimental analysis of behavior
A scientific procedure of testing and evaluation in ABA
Experiment
When a prompt or que is given immediately following an instruction so that an incorrect response is avoided. The immediate prompt interrupts their response ensuring the correct answer
Errorless teaching/learning
Instructional method for gradually transferring stimulus control with a minimum of errors that use always responds correctly
Errorless teaching
No direct evidence. Fictions or fictitious variables that are another name for the observed behavior. Uses only diagnosis, conceptual variables and observable constructs
Ex: Intelligence is an explanation but adds no additional information
Explanatory fictions
Taught in natural sequence from the first step. Each step acts as an ST and it conditioned reinforce her for the next step. Ex: Child making a bed
 Forward chaining
Measurement of how long a behavior or response occurred. A dimensional quantity of temporal extent
Duration
Discriminating among Various objects. When the doorbell rings, you answer. When the phone rings, you answer it
Discrimination
The procedure taught to someone who is learning and is used to create a task analysis.
Chaining
What type of chain exists naturally? A series/sequence of events that are linked together
Behavior chain
Chaining leads to a ______ _______
Task analysis
When the learner does the last step and receives immediate reinforcement
Backwards chaining
The branch of ABA that discovers and clarifies basic principles of behavior that adds to the already existing body of knowledge in the field
Experimental analysis of behavior
An emphasis on describing functional relationships between behavior and controlling variables in the environment over formal theory testing
Experimental analysis of behavior
Measures continuous behavior where there is no clear beginning or end. Example, catching a sample of the behavior - How to see behavior, humming, flapping
Discontinuous measurement
The practice of objective observation of the Phenomena of interest. Independent of individual prejudice, tastes and private opinions of the scientist. Based on facts, observation and experimentation.
Empiricism
The extent to which a learner emits untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the target behavior when no instructional contingencies have been applied
Response generalization
Example, mowing lawns a variety of ways. Example, removing weeds with various tools. Example, being taught to say how are you and then saying hello without being taught
Response generalization
UntrainedResponses
Response generalization
The controlled comparison of some measure of the phenomena of interest under two or more different conditions in which only one factor at a time differs from one condition to another. Identify and systematically manipulate variables independently
Experimentation
Behavior, a response that has a clear beginning and end. Example: a bike, a kick, a punch
Discontinuous behavior
When a learner emits or engages in untrained responses that are functionally equivalent to the trained target behavior. For example, Kevin independently learned the backstroke and generalize new responses to the situation of swimming.
Response generalization
A group or set of responses that serve the same function or have the same impact on the environment. Example: writing, saying, or showing 4 in response to 2+2 or screaming, hitting or headbanging to gain a snack
Response class
Repeating of conditions or a whole experiment to determine if the findings will be the same and hold value
Replication
Measurement in which all possible responses can be detected during observation Period. measures catching each and every instance of a behavior. frequency, latency, duration, rate, IRT ex: such as a bite, a kick, a punch
Continuous measurement
Choose only those behaviors to change to produce reinforcers in the learners post Intervention environment
Relevance of behavior rule
Systematic approach to the understanding of natural phenomena that relies on the six assumptions
Science
The strongest schedule of reinforcement. Example: slot machines
Variable ratio
When an antecedent evokes or abates the behavior. Three term contingency involved SD, response, consequence
Simple discrimination
Most basic Preference assessmentand not as accurate as others. Provide a single item, record behavior reaction and duration they played with the item. For use who can’t choose between high preferred and low preferred
Single stimulus preference assessment a.k.a. success of choice
Reinforcement that occurs due to another persons actions
Socially mediated
A self-management strategy used for unwanted repetitive behaviors or habits. Example: ticks, hair pulling, nail biting, skin picking. This self-management strategy involves self-awareness training, competing response training and motivation techniques.
Habit reversal
The fundamental principle underlying operant conditioning. All forms of operant behavior, from simple to complex, are selected, shaped, and maintained by their consequences during an individual’s lifetime. Skinners concept. Ontogeny… Learning history
Selection by consequences
A graphic depiction of the extent to which behavior that has been reinforced in the presence of a specific stimulus condition is emitted in the presence of other stimuli
Stimulus generalization gradient
Making things more prominent. Using bright colors, markers, bigger and highlighting stuff to make it more salient
Stimulus salience
Procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeated for a number of trials which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus
Stimulus stimulus pairing
When a behavior intervention has multiple components/elements. Example: a toileting procedure that includes increased fluid intake, replacing diapers with underwear and or reinforcement for urinating, etc.
Treatment package a.k.a. multi component intervention
The process by which behavior maintained by automatic reinforcement are placed on extinction by masking or removing the sensory consequence
Sensory extinction
The self is all that exists
Solipsism
Systematically varying conditions of an experiment. Add to the external validity of the earlier findings. Offers greater potential rewards than direct replication. Provides increased reliability and Increased generality.
Systematic replication
Immediacy, contingency, established operations, individual differences and magnitude
Five factors that influence the effectiveness of reinforcement
The response class selected for intervention
Target behavior
Refers to time. Prior to the behavior and after.
Temporal
An interdependent group contingency. The team with the fewest marks against them earns reinforcement. Example: spelling bee.
The good behavior game
A physical form or shape of a behavior
Topography
Responses based on the form in which the behavior is completed or carried out. Defines instances of the target response class by the shape or form of the behavior
Topography-based definition
A procedure used to teach behaviors which require physical assistance. Good for chained motor behavior such as self-help and leisure skills
Graduated guidance
Stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of that behavior
Punisher
A process in which prompts are removed once the target behavior is occurring in the presence of an SD. Prompt fading and prompt delay are procedures used to transfer stimulus control from the prompt to the SD.
Transfer of stimulus control
This axis or ordinate represents the DV and level, trend and variability
Vertical axis
A single instance of behavior
Response
Occurs when new stimuli, similar or not similar, do not evoke the same response as the controlling simulus
Stimulus discrimination
Thoroughgoing form of behaviorism that attempts to understand all human behavior including public and private events such as thoughts and feelings in terms of controlling variables in the history or the person and the species
Radical behaviorism
A dimensional quantity of measurement: When the target behavior occurs. #StartingPoint
Temporal locus
Includes IRT and latency
Temper Locus
The observer provides instructions or arranges for specific events or activities to occur during the observation.
Structured observation
Changing the shape/form of a behavior by differentially reinforcing select members of a response class. Example: learning to say hi and you can wave or wave and say hi. #Across the lifetime
Shaping across different topographies
The extent to which a learner emits the target behavior in a setting or similar situation that is different from the instructional setting
Settings/situation generalization
When the form of the behavior remains constant but other parts of the behavior are differentially reinforced. Example: harder, faster, stronger, longer, etc. Ex: running a race, teaching to throw a life-preserver within reach. #WithinParts.Force/Magnitude
Shaping within different topographies
Behavior that continues to occur during extinction and has greater resistance to extinction then behavior that diminished quickly. Continue responding of behavior during extinction
Resistance to extinction
a visual scale/chart that shows Relative behavior change versus absolute change
Ratio scale a.k.a. semi logarithmic chart
