Random Flashcards
What are the characteristics of language used at age three??
Three sentence patterns
More actions are described, including some in past tense.
Understand pragmatics of politeness
Use language heuristically and imaginatively.
Sometimes still have problems pronouncing some consonants
Some skip this step
In which stage do children first point out, label and describe objects?
The Sensorimotor stage
Grammar and children at 3 years of age
Post telegraphic stage is emerging- sentences expand to four or more elements, use complete simple sentences
Success of these depend on child’s sense of TRANSITIVITY.
Children are more confident with tenses and inflections.
What is a transitive verb?
Verbs that denote that someone can and does normally take an object.
- I am swallowing my food
- he is hitting his brother
What is an intransitive verb?
Verb that denotes the inability to take an object
- we are coming
- I’m on my way
What are coordinating conjunctions?
And, but, do
Overgeneralisation is common at age….
3
What are Bellugi’s three stages of understanding acquisition?
- uses name instead of pronoun in sentences
- Observed most people use I or me, worked out that as a rule I is never used in the middle of a sentence
- Learned Rule of referring to the subject of the sentence when it appears.
What is stage 1 of question formation?
The child uses intonation to signal a question being asked.
What is stage two of question formation?
The child employs basic wh-interrogatives
Even at two word stage there is a basic grasp that the interrogative must come at the beginning of the phrase.
What is stage three of question formation?
Close to the telegraphic or post telegraphic stage- why questions, when questions come later.
What is stage four of question formation?
Children start manipulating syntax, using more complicated word classes like auxiliary verbs to make questions more detailed.
Word+ aux verb+ subject+ main verb
Children can invert verbs and place aux verbs correctly
What is stage one of forming negatives?
Child uses a neg word
No!
Not!
What is stage two of forming negatives?
Combines neg and other words
No bed
No eat it
= telegraphic and two word stage
What is stage three of forming negatives?
Neg word in middle of sentence with increased intonation
Me no like that!
What is stage four of forming negatives?
Uses neg words with increased accuracy
Contractions used with aux verb
Children struggle with double negs
Lucy isn’t going!
I don’t never do that!
What is stage five of forming negatives?
Child uses moré complex negative words- some governed by tricky rules
I hardly spoke to him!
I haven’t got any!
What is stage six of forming negatives?
Child says no obliquely without stating it
I’ll think about it!
In the fourth year children…
Construct more complex sentences and reliably use a variety of pronouns in their correct form and position
They use subordinate conjunctions such as because and until
Make specific references to the past present and future
What is literacy hour?
Launched in 1998, it is a structured hour long English lesson
-Reading and Writing taught hand in hand
What happens in the first section of literacy hour? (15 mins)
- Objectives made clear
- Modelling reading or writing using an enlarged text.
What happens in section 2 of literacy hour? (15 mins)
While class, focused word or sentence work
What happens in section 3 of literacy hour? (20 mins)
Group or individual work- teacher works with one or more ability group on a guided text at the same time.
What happens in section 4 (final section) of literacy hour? (10 mins)
- Whole class plenary session- reviewing learning and objectives
- Children explain what they’ve learnt.
What happens in the phonics system of reading?
- Child is systematically taught the letters of the alphabet and combinations of letters and how they correspond to sounds.
- Starting with simple correspondences and ending with varieties of the grapheme ough.
- New words ‘sounded out’
- Flash cards used
What happens in analytical phonics?
Child breaks down words into the smallest elements.
Patterns are sought.
Rhyme often used to learn similar sounding words.
Words read by separating them into smaller units
Used with other approaches
What happens in synthetic phonics?
- Learn long phoneme-grapheme correspondences
- Up to 44 rather than individual letters
- Recognise graphemes very quickly
- Graphemes blended to produce words
- Short term and intensive approach
What happens in the look and say/ whole word approach?
Focuses on teaching children complete words at a time.
Do not break them down
Build up a bank of frequently used words
Can read whole texts swiftly and have higher initial reading levels than children learning phonics.
5000 words in three years
What methods are used to encourage and help children acquire phonic awareness in the look and say approach to reading?
Games Rhymes Alliterative texts Tongue twisters Alphabet books Songs Music
Drawbacks of the look and say approach….
- No real system to the learning process
- Struggle with more complex words later on
- Humans can only memorise a finite number of abstract symbols doing it on a letter by letter basis would enable a higher level of flexibility
