Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Random 2 > Flashcards

Random 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Step up management of acne

A

Step-up management of acne:

  • single topical therapy (topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide)
  • topical combination therapy (topical antibiotic, benzoyl peroxide, topical retinoid)
  • oral antibiotics: e.g. Oxytetracycline, doxycycline. Improvement may not be seen for 3-4 months
  • oral isotretinoin: only under specialist supervision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What drugs can exacerbate psoriasis?

A

Plaque psoriasis. Numerous drugs are known to exacerbate psoriasis including:

  • Lithium
  • Beta-blockers
  • NSAIDs
  • ACEi
  • TNF-alpha inhibitors
  • Anti-malarials
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Pharmacological options (x3) to manage mild-moderate Alzheimer

A

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (so less ACh is broken down → more available at the synapse): donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Mechanism of action of statins

A

Statins inhibit the action of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme in hepatic cholesterol synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Who should receive statin as primary prevention?

  • name of the drug
  • dose
A

Primary prevention groups:

  • 10 - year CVS risk > or = 10%
  • most type I diabetics
  • CKD if eGFR <60

Give Atorvastatin 20 mg

(if non-HDL have not fallen by = or >40% then consider Atorvastatin 80mg)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Who should receive statin as secondary prevention?

  • name of the drug
  • dose
A

Secondary prevention group:

  • established CVS disease
  • established IHD
  • peripheral vascular disease

Atorvastatin 80 mg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What medication may cause ototoxicity?

A

Drug ototoxicity:

  • aminoglycosides (e.g. Gentamicin)
  • furosemide
  • aspirin
  • cytotoxic agents
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s the management of Scabies?

A

Permethrin 5% (1st line) -> # function of neurones in scabies mites lice

Malathion 0.5% (2nd line) -> pesticide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Treatment for Haemophilus influenza pneumonia (patient with COPD)

A

Haemophilus influenzae is the most common cause of infective exacerbations of COPD.

Treatment: a course of amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin together with prednisolone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s the drug used for malaria prophylaxis?

What’s its common contraindication due to side effects?

A

Mefloquine (Lariam)

Contraindication: a history of anxiety, depression or other psychiatric disorders

It has neuro-psychiatric effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Sulfonylureas

  • example of drug
  • MoA
  • common side effects (common ones)
  • is it OK to take them in pregnancy and breastfeeding?
A

Sulfonylurea

Example: Gliclazide

MoA: stimulate the release of insulin from pancreatic Beta cells (therefore used only if the patient has some functional beta cells) -> used in type II DM

* bind to an ATP-dependent K+(KATP) channel on the cell membrane of pancreatic beta cells

SE: weight gain, hypoglycaemic episodes

Pregnancy and breastfeeding: should be avoided

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q
  • What drug to give and how much (dose) in case of TIA?
  • contraindications
A

Aspirin 300 mg immediately

Contraindications: a bleeding disorder, being on anticoagulants, patient is already taking the aspirin (continue taking aspirin at the dose is routinely taken until review by a specialist)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Common side effects of muscarinic M1 antagonists

A

Side effects:

  • muscarinic M1 -> anticholinergic effects:
  • dry mouth
  • blurred vision
  • constipation
  • urinary retention
  • impotence
  • cognitive impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Common side effects of H1 antagonists

A

histaminergic H1 -> antihistamine effects:

  • sedation
  • weight gain
  • drowsiness
  • dry mouth, nose, and throat
  • headache
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

1st line treatments (drugs) in HF when a patient’s renal function is normal

A

B-blocker (e.g. bisoprolol) & ACE inhibitor (e.g. Ramipril)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What 2nd line treatment for HF?

A
  • second-line treatment is now either: an aldosterone antagonist, angiotensin II receptor blocker or a hydralazine in combination with a nitrate
17
Q

What’s 3rd line treatment for HF (if symptoms persist on 1st an 2nd line)?

A
  • if symptoms persist cardiac resynchronisation therapy or digoxin or ivabradine.

*The criteria for ivabradine include that the patient is already on suitable therapy (ACE-inhibitor, beta-blocker + aldosterone antagonist), has a heart rate > 75/min and a left ventricular fraction < 35%

18
Q

What else should be considered in a patient with HF ? (beyond 1-3rd line treatment) e.g. symptomatic Rx

A
  • diuretics should be given for fluid overload
  • offer annual influenza vaccine
  • offer one-off pneumococcal vaccine

*one-off - adults require a single dose of that vaccine (unless they have asplenia, #spleen or kidney -> then booster every 5 years)

19
Q

B-blockers licensed to use in HF

A

Beta-blockers licensed to treat heart failure in the UK:

  • bisoprolol
  • carvedilol
  • nebivolol
20
Q

1st line Management in HYPERKALAEMIA

A
  • calcium gluconate -> to reduce cardiac excitability and thus reduce the risk of arrhythmias
  • insulin/dextrose infusion & nebulised salbutamol * -> this is to shift K+ into the cells

*do not use salbutamol if patient is tachycardiac

21
Q
A
22
Q

Which combination of two diuretics is contraindicated?

A

Amiloride + spironolactone

  • both act in DCT
  • both are potassium-sparing -> combination will result in life-threatening hyperkalaemia
23
Q

Drug used for management of BPH?

  • name
  • mechanism of action
  • side effects
A
  • Name: Tamsulosin
  • MoA: It is alpha1 (L1) blocker -> this will induce relaxation of SM in the neck of the bladder/ prostate -> less resistance to urine flow
  • Side effects: dizziness, headache, sleepiness, nausea, blurry vision, and sexual problem, postural hypotension
24
Q

What’s a primary treatment to reduce the excess of copper in Willson’s disease?

A

Penicillamine - metal chelating agent

25
Q

Antibiotic classes that are dangerous during pregnancy

A

Antibiotics

  • tetracyclines
  • aminoglycosides
  • sulphonamides and trimethoprim
  • quinolones: the BNF advises to avoid due to arthropathy in some animal studies
26
Q

Other medications (than antibiotic) that are dangerous in pregnancy

A

Other drugs

  • ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor antagonists
  • statins
  • warfarin
  • sulfonylureas
  • retinoids (including topical)
  • cytotoxic agents
  • majority of epileptics (e.g. sodium valproate, carbamazepine, phenytoin)

Pharmacology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions