Random 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What types of joints are found between the ossicles?
A
Synovial
2
Q
Which ossicle is in contact with the tympanic membrane?
A
Malleus
3
Q
Which ossicle is in contact with the oval window?
A
Stapes
4
Q
Name two muscles related to the ossicles
A
Tensor Tympani and Stapes
5
Q
Tensor Tympani function
A
Dampen Loud Sounds
6
Q
Name two areas with which the cavity of the middle ear communicates:
A
Mastoid Antrum
Nasopharynx
7
Q
Within which part of the temporal bone do the middle and inner ear lie?
A
Petrous Part
8
Q
The inner ear consists of a series of bone lined chambers called the
A
Bony Lbaryinth
9
Q
Inside the bony labyrinth lies a series of membranous chambers called the
A
Membranous Labryinthe
10
Q
What is the fluid that lies within the bony labyrinth?
A
Perilymph
11
Q
What is the fluid that lies within the membranous labyrinth?
A
Endolymph
12
Q
What is the function of the cochlea and the semicircular canals?
A
Changes sound waves into nerve signals and semicircular canals sense balance and posture to assist in equilibrium.
13
Q
Through which foramen does the facial nerve exit the posterior cranial fossa?
A
Internal Acoustic Meatus
14
Q
whilst in the mid ear the facial nerve gives off
A
Chorda Tympani
15
Q
Where do the efferent lymphatics from these jugular lymph trunks drain into:
on the right side?
A
Thoracic Duct
16
Q
Where do the efferent lymphatics from these jugular lymph trunks drain into:
on the left side
A
right lymphatic duct
17
Q
Parotid nodes drain lymph from
A
Scalp around parotid gland, lateral parts of the eyelids, and middle ear.
18
Q
Buccal nodes drain lymph from
A
Cheek region
19
Q
Submental lymph nodes drain lymph from
A
Anterior tongue tip, central part of the floor of the mouth and chin
20
Q
Submandibular lymph nodes drain lymph from
A
Front of scalp, nose, lips, air sinuses – ethmoidal, frontal, maxillary; teeth, gums, anterior tongue, floor of the mouth; and efferent lymphatics from submental nodes
21
Q
mastoid lymph nodes rain lymph from
A
Middle region of scalp and external auditory meatus
22
Q
occipital lymph nodes drain lymph from
A
Back of the scalp
23
Q
Superficial cervical lymph nodes are found where
A
along external jug vein
24
Q
Retropharyngreal lymph nodes found where
A
between pharynx and vertebral bodies
25
laryngeal lymph nodes found where
cricothyroid lig
26
Superficial cervical lymph nodes drain lymph from
From parotid nodes, and the angle of the mandible, structures that lie at the junction between the neck, the face and the scalp
27
Retropharyngeal lymph nodes drain lymph from
nasopharynx, auditory tube, and the upper cervical vertebral column
28
Tracheal lymph nodes drain lymph from
Trachea and Thyroid Gland
29
Which bone forms the posterior boundary of the anterior cranial fossa?
Sphenoid
30
Where can cribriform plate of ethmoid and Crista Galli be found - where fossa
anterior
31
Which bone forms the anterior boundary of the middle cranial fossa?
sphenoid
32
Which bone forms the posterior border of the middle cranial fossa?
occipital
33
Which bone forms the anterior and which the posterior border of the posterior cranial fossa?
Anterior: Sphenoid Bone Posterior Squamous Part of Occipital
34
What structures pass through the small foramina of the skull?(foramen ovale)
Mandibular Nerve, Accessory Meningeal Artery, Emissary Vein, Lesser Petrosal Nerve
35
Which foramen in anterior cranial fossa and which structures through
Cribriform plate
Olfactory Nerve
36
Which Forman in middle cranial fossa and which structures through
Optic
- Optic nerve and Ophthalmic Artery
Sup Orbital Fissure
- Occulomotor Nerve and Trochlear Nerve
- V1 Opthalmic
- Abducens Nerve
- Ophthalmic Nerve
Foramen Rotundum
- Maxillary V2 of Trigem
Foramen Ovale
- Mandibular V3 of Trigem
Foramen Spinosum
- Mid meningeal artery
- mid meningeal vein
- meningeal branch V3
Foramen Lacerum
- greater petrosal nerve
Carotid canal
- internal carotid artery
37
Which foramen in posterior cranial fossa and which structures
Internal Acoustic Meatus
- Facial nerve
- Vestibulochlear Nerve
- Labryinthe Artery
Jugular Foramen
- Glossopharyngeal Nerve, Vagus Nerve, Spinal Accessory Nerve, Internal jugular vein, inferior petrosal sinus, sigmoid sinus and meningeal branches of ascending pharyngeal and occipital arteries.
Hypoglossal Foramen
- Hypoglossal Nerve
Foramen Magnum
- Medulla of brain, meninges, vertebral arteries, spinal accessory nerve (ascending), dural veins and ant + pos spinal arteries.
38
Identify a groove that begins just lateral to the foramen spinosum. What artery and its branches makes this groove?
Mid Meningeal artery
39
On this skull identify grooves that run laterally on both sides starting from the internal occipital protuberance.
These grooves are for the intracranial venous sinus called the
Transverse Sinus
40
Into which foramen does the groove for the sigmoid sinus lead?
Jugular Foramen
41
Which major vein emerges into the neck from this foramen? - jugular foramen
Jug Vein
42
Sella Turcica is deep depression in which fossa and houses what
Middle Cranial FOssa
Pituitary Gland
43
In the body of which cranial bone is the sella turcica found?
Sphenoid Bone
44
Identify the anterior and posterior clinoid processes on either side of the sella turcica, which give attachment to a fold of dura mater, t what?
Tentorium Cerebelli
45
On either side of the sella turcica is a groove for the
Cavernous Venous SInus
46
Which foramen lies immediately anterior to the groove for the cavernous sinus?
Orbital Fissure
47
On the internal surface of the skull cap here identify the groove in the midline made by the
Sup Sagittal Sinus
48
Identify and label the pterygoid plates and the pterygoid hamulus.
Which bone are they a part of?
Sphenoid Bone
49
What type of ossification occurs in:
| flat bones of the vault of the skull?
Intramembranous
50
What type of ossification occurs in:irregular bones of the base of the skull?
endochondral
51
When do posterior fontanelles fuse
2-3 months
52
Trachea begins from
C6
53
Cornea epithelium
Strat Squamous Non Keratinised
54
Name of cornea membrane
Bowman's Membrane
55
Any blood vessels in cornea
No
56
Descemet's layer is found where
Cornea
57
How many layers of endothelium in cornea
1
58
Where is maximum visual acuity in retina
Fovea Centralis
59
Layer 1 of Tear film is
Mucinous 30%
60
Layer 2 of Tear Film is
Aqueous 69%
61
Layer 3 of Tear Film is
Oily <1%
62
The anterior tonsils pillar is formed by the
palatoglossus muscle
63
posterior tonsils pillar is formed by
palatopharyngeus muscle
64
The tooth has three layers
Outer Enamel
Middle Dentine
Innermost pulp
65
Which of the following is NOT a border of the anterior triangle?
Select one:
a. sagittal line down the midline of the neck
b. Anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
c. Lower border of the mandible
d. anterior border of the sternothyroid muscle
anterior border of the sternothyroid muscle
66
Which of the following form the FLOOR of the posterior triangle of the neck?
Select one:
a. Pretracheal fascia
b. Investing layer of deep cervical fascia
c. Prevertebral fascia
d. Carotid sheath
prevertebral fascia
67
```
Which of the following is surrounded by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia?
Select one:
a. Sternothyroid
b. Sternocleidomastoid
c. Latissimus dorsi
d. Platysma
```
SCM
68
```
Which important vascular structure bifurcates within the carotid triangle?
Select one:
a. Facial artery
b. External Carotid artery
c. Common Carotid artery
d. Internal Jugular Vein
e. Subclavian artery
```
CCA
69
```
Which potential space in the neck could allow for the tracking of pus into the posterior mediastinum?
Select one:
a. Retropharyngeal
b. Visceral
c. Parapharyngeal
d. Submandibular
```
Retropharyngeal
70
The isthmus of the thyroid gland is related which of the following structures?
Select one:
a. Tracheal cartilaginous rings
b. Cricoid cartilage
c. Hypoid bone
d. Thyroid cartilage
Tracheal cartilaginous rings
71
```
Which of the following nerves traverse the posterior triangle?
Select one:
a. Hypoglossal nerves
b. Glossopharyngeal nerve
c. Vagus nerve
d. Accessory nerve
```
Accessory Nerve
72
During an elective thyroidectomy surgery, the superior thyroid artery is ligated. Which nerve runs close to this artery?
```
Select one:
a. Glossopharyngeal nerve
b. External Laryngeal nerve
c. Internal laryngeal nerve
d. Recurrent laryngeal nerve
Feedback
```
External Laryngeal nerve
73
```
Which of these is an infrahyoid muscle?
Select one:
a. Geniohyoid
b. Myelohyoid
c. Stylohyoid
d. Sternohyoid
e. Digastric
```
Sternohyoid
74
```
What is the collective action of the suprayhyoid muscles?
Select one:
a. Depression of the hyoiid bones
b. Elevation of the hyoid bone
c. Rotation of the hyoid bone
```
elevation of hyoid
75
```
Name the suture that separates the frontal from the parietal bone.
Select one:
a. Coronal
b. Lambdoid
c. Sagittal
d. Metopic
```
coronal
76
The ear ossicles are found inside which of these?
Select one:
a. Mastoid part of the temporal bone
b. Petrous part of the temporal bone
c. The squamous part of the temporal bone
b. Petrous part of the temporal bone
77
```
The loose connective tissue layer is considered the danger area of the scalp because pus from this layer can track intracranially. Which veins are responsible for this?
Select one:
a. Internal Jugular vein
b. Emissary veins
c. Intracranial venous sinuses
d. Retromandibular veins
e. Collateral veins
Feedback
```
emissary veins
78
```
Which of the following is NOT found within the parotid salivary gland?
Select one:
a. Facial nerve
b. Superficial temporal artery
c. Maxillary artery
d. Facial artery
e. External Carotid artery
```
facial artery
79
```
From which artery does the facial artery arise?
Select one:
a. External Carotid artery
b. Superficial temporal artery
c. Common Carotid artery
d. Internal Carotid artery
e. Maxillary artery
```
ECA
80
```
At what vertebral level does the larynx continue as the trachea?
Select one:
a. C6
b. C7
c. C5
d. C4
```
C6
81
The TMJ is a modified hinge joint with an articular cartilage disc within the joint. What type of cartilage is this disc formed from?
Select one:
a. Elastic cartilage
b. Fibroelastic cartilage
c. Fibrocartilage
d. Hylaine cartilage
Fibrocartilage
82
Which muscle causes protraction of the jaw?
Select one:
a. Medial Pterygpoid
b. Temporalis
c. Lateral pterygoid
d. Digastric
e. Masseter
Lateral Ptergoid
83
Sclera is what
opaque posterior 5/6 which gives attachment to muscles moving eyeball
84
Cornea is what
anterior 1/6 which is transparent
85
Ciliary body function
Suspends lens and produces aqueous humour
86
Iris function
Controls diameter of pupil/amount of light rays entering eyeball
87
Choroid Function
Supplies blood to outer retina
88
Retina function
has light sensitive rods and cones
89
aqueous humour is found
anterior segment of eye
90
vitreous humour is found
posterior segment of eye
91
what is the crystalline lens
transparent, crystalline biconvex structure suspended by zones from ciliary body. It can change shape
92
The ciliary body and suspensory ligaments in eye are present in lens
360 degrees
93
Aqueous Humour helps maintain
intraocular pressure
94
Vitreous humour helps cushion
cushion retina
95
Where is posterior chamber of eye
Behind iris but in front of lens
96
AP Length of Eyeball
24mm
97
AP Length of orbit
40mm
98
Conjunctiva does not cover
Cornea
99
The lacrimal gland of eye is situated in orbit
Laterally
100
Lacrimal gland nerve supply
parasympathetic from facial
101
Lacrimal gland ducts open into
Conjunctival sac
102
After draining into lacrimal sac where does tears drain into
Nasolacrimal duct on inferior meatus of nose
103
Intrinsic muscles of eye do what
control diameter and helps alter lens curvature
104
extrinsic muscles of eye do what
move eye
105
Name the intrinsic eye muscles
Ciliaris and Constrictor Pupillae by Parasymp
Dilator papillae by Sympathetic
106
Name the 6 extrinsic ocular muscles
Medial, Lat, Inferior and Superior rectus
Sup and Inferior Oblique
107
Recti muscles of eye arise from
Apex f orbit from annualar fibrous ring
108
The superior oblique muscles of eye arises from
roof of orbit posteriorly
109
the inferior oblique muscles of eye arises from
floor of orbit anteriorly
110
Superior oblique muscle of eye origin and insertion
Lesser wing of sphenoid
sclera pos
111
Inferior oblique muscle of eye origin and insertion
medial orbit floor
s
clear posterior
112
Levator Palapebrae Superioris insertion
Upper Eyelid
113
Recti Eye muscles insertion
Sclera anteriorly
114
Trochlear nerve supplies which eye muscles
Superior oblique
115
abducen nerve supplies which eye muscles
Lateral rectus
116
Occulomotor nerve synapses where
ciliary ganglion in orbit
117
what is largest branch of ophthalmic nerve
frontal branch
118
what is smallest branch of ophthalmic nerve
lacrimal division
119
The opthalmic artery is a large branch of the
ICA
120
The central retinal artery supplies
inner retina
121
short posterior ciliary arteries supply
posterior chorid and outer retina
122
Long posterior ciliary ratios supply
Ant Choroid Ciliary Body and Iris
123
The superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain into
Cavernous Sinus
124
When the eye is adducted what does obliques do
elevate/depress
125
when the eye is abducted what do recti do
elevate/depress
126
what is estotropia
manifest convergent squint
127
what is exotropia
manifest divergent squint
128
what happens with increased illumination to eyes
parasympathetic > both pupils constrict
129
what happens with decreased illumination to eyes
sympathetic = pupils dilate
130
where is constrictor papillae found
iris at pupillary border
131
ciliaris and constrictor papillae are innervated by
parasympathetic
132
dilator pupillae is innervated by
sympathetic
133
What is Amblyopia
Lazy eye
134
Action of medial rectus of eye
adduction
135
action of lateral rectus of eye
abduction
136
action of superior rectus of eye
elevation, adduction, intrusion
137
action of inferior rectus of eye
depression, adduction, extorsion
138
action of superior oblique of eye
intorsion, depression, abduction
139
action of inferior oblique of eye
extorsion, elevation, abduction
140
What is intorsion of eye
top of eyeball rotates towards nose
141
what is extrusion of eye
top of eyeball rotates away from nose
142
What forms lens in eye
ectoderm
143
optic vesicles grow outwards from what towards surface ectoderm
diencephalic part of neural tube
144
The eye develops from the
neural tube
