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Head and Neck Anatomy > Neck 2 > Flashcards

Neck 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The vagus nerve is found in which section of neck

A

Vascular Compartment

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2
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

7

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3
Q

What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (atlas)?

A

Synovial

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4
Q

What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?

A

Synovial Pivot

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5
Q

What is the vertebra prominens?

A

Spinous Process of C7

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6
Q

What is the special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?

A

Bifid - 2 Spinous Processes

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7
Q

What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?

A

Lorodotic

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8
Q

Anterior Triangle of Neck Boundaries

A

Sup: Mandible
Pos: Ant SCM
Ant: Sagittal Line down Midline of Neck

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9
Q

Contents of Anterior Neck (8)

A 
CCA
ECA
ICA
Facial Artery
Int Jug Vein
Facial Vein
Submandibular and Submental Lymph Nodes
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10
Q

Posterior Triangle of Neck Boundaries

A

Ant: Pos SCM
Pos: Trapezius
Inf: Clavicle

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11
Q

Pos Triangle of Neck Contents (3)

A

Occipital Artery
External Jug Vein
Accessory Nerve

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12
Q

Sternocleidomastoid attachments

A

Manubrium and Clavicle

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13
Q

Trapezius actions

A

Rotate and Retract Scapula

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14
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

A

Accessory Nerve

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15
Q

Accessory Nerve is found in what triangle of neck

A

Posterior

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16
Q

Anterior Triangle of Neck can be divided into how many triangles

A

4

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17
Q

Submental Triangle of Neck boundaries

A

MEDIAL: MIDLINE
INFERIOR :HYOID BONE
LATERAL: ANT BELLY DIAGRASTIC MUSCLE

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18
Q

Submandibular Triangle of Neck Boundaries

A

SUP: BODY OF MANDIBLE
ANT: ANT BELLY DIAGRASTIC
POS: POS BELLY DIAGRASTIC

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19
Q

Carotid Triangle of Neck Boundaries

A

SUP: POS BELLY DIAGRASTIC
INF: SUP BELLY OMOHYOID
LAT: ANT BELLY SCM MUSCLE

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20
Q

Muscular Triangle of Neck boundaries

A

SUP: HYOID BONE
MEDIAL: MIDLINE
SUPEROLATERAL: SUP BELLY OMOHYOID MUSCLE

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21
Q

Submental Triangle of Neck Contents

A

Submental Lymph Nodes

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22
Q

Submandibular/Diagrastic Triangle of Neck Contents

A

Facial Artery and Vein

Submandibular Lymph Node

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23
Q

Carotid Triangle of Neck Contents

A

CCA
Internal Jug Vein
Vagus Nerve

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24
Q

Muscular Triangle of Neck contents

A

Infrahyoid Muscles
pharynx
Thyroid and parathyroid glands

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25
Q

Which rami of lower cervical spinal nerves emerge from between scalene muscles that form floor of posterior triangle of neck

A

Ventral

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26
Q

The ventral rami of lower cervical spinal nerves emerge between scalene muscles. What do these rami collectively form

A

Brachial Plexus

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27
Q

Which artery is CCA a branch of on right side

A

Brachiocephalic

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28
Q

Which artery is CCA a branch of on left side

A

Aortic Arch

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29
Q

The CCA runs in which triangle of neck within carotid sheath

A

Anterior

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30
Q

Identify two other structures that occupy carotid sheath

A

Internal Jug vein and Vagus Nerve

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31
Q

At what level (in relation to the vertebrae and cartilaginous structures in the neck) does the CCA divide into the external (ECA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) in the neck? (use your textbook to find the answer)

A

C4

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32
Q

Which of these two branches, (the ECA or the ICA?), gives off branches in the neck?

A

ECA

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33
Q

In the neck, which of these two, the ECA or the ICA is the most lateral?

A

ICA

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34
Q

What are the two terminal branches of the ECA (given off in the face) and within which glandular structure are they given off?

A

SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL AND MAXILLARY FORM IN PAROTID GLAND

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35
Q

Where does internal jugular vein run

A

Carotid Sheath

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36
Q

Where does internal jugular vein arise from

A

Jugular venous sinus

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37
Q

Which vein of the upper limb does the IJV merge with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?

A

MERGES WITH SUBCLAVIAN TO FORM BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN

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38
Q

The external jugular vein (EJV) is a superficial vein draining the

A

scalp and face

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39
Q

In relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where does the EJV run – superficial or deep to it?

A

superficial

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40
Q

Which vein does the EJV drain into?

A

subclavian vein

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41
Q

Where does the vagus nerves lie in relation to the vascular contents of the sheath?

A

posterior

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42
Q

The phrenic nerve arises from the

A

cervical plexus in neck

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43
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?

A

posterior

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44
Q

The hyoid bone is moved by the

A

Supra and Infrahyoid Muscles

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45
Q

What ventral rami form the cervical plexus

A

C1-5

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46
Q

Name the five muscles attached to Hyoid Bone

A

Suprahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
Hypoglossal Muscle and Geniglossus Muscle
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor

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47
Q

The Mylohyoid nerve supply

A

V3 Mylohyoid Nerve

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48
Q

The Geniohyoid nerve supply

A

C1 Hypoglossal Nerve

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49
Q

Diagrastic nerve supply

A

Mylohyoid Nerve Ant Belly

Facial Nerve Pos Belly

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50
Q

Stylohyoid nerve supply

A

Facial Nerve

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51
Q

Name the four suprahyoid muscles

A

Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Diagrastic
Stylohyoid

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52
Q

What action would the four supra hyoid muscles - mylohyoid, geniohyoid, diagnostic and stylohyoid have on mandible and hyoid bone

A

DEPRESSION OF MANDIBLE AND ELEVATION OF HYOID BONE

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53
Q

Name the four infra hyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid

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54
Q

Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid and Omohyoid Nerve Supply

A

C2 and 3

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55
Q

Thyrohyoid Nerve Supply

A

C1

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56
Q

What action would infra hyoid muscles have on hyoid bone

A

Depression

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57
Q

What are vertebral root valves of cervical plexus

A

C1-4

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58
Q

Name a motor nerve that emerges from this plexus and travels down through the thorax.

A

Phrenic Nerve

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59
Q

What is the ansa cervicalis?

A

LOOP OF NERVES FORMED BY NERVE ROOTS C1-3.

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60
Q

Brachial Plexus root values

A

C5-C8 and T1

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61
Q

What are the anatomical parts of thyroid gland

A

Right + L Lobe

Isthmus

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62
Q

At what level (in relation to the trachea or larynx) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?

A

C6/7 ANTERIOR TO 2ND AND 3RD TRACHEAL RINGS

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63
Q

With which bone do the nasal bones articulate superiorly at the nasion

A

Ethmoid Bone

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64
Q

The roof of the nose is formed from

A

Nasal Bones, Frontal, Ethmoid and Sphenoid Bone

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65
Q

The part of ethmoid bone that contributes to roof of nasal cavity contains the

A

Cribriform Plate

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66
Q

Floor of nasal cavity is formed by palatine processes of

A

Maxillae and Palatine Bones

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67
Q

Palatine bones form which part of palate

A

Hard Palate

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68
Q

Floor of nasal cavity is extended posteriorly by

A

Soft Palate

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69
Q

What two bones form nasal septum

A

Vomer

Perpendicular Ethmoid Bone

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70
Q

What structure lies anterior to these two bones and completes the nasal septum?

A

Septal Nasal Cartilage

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71
Q

What passes through Cribriform Plate

A

Crista Galli

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72
Q

What attaches to Crista Galli

A

Falx Cerebri

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73
Q

The Cribriform Plate and Crista Galli are part of which bone

A

Ethmoid Bone

74
Q

The sphenoid sinus opens into

A

sphene-ethmoid recess

75
Q

Posterior ethmoid air cells open into

A

Superior Meatus

76
Q

The Maxillary Sinus, frontal Sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and mid ethmoidal air cells opens into

A

Middle Meatus

77
Q

The nasolacrimal duct opens into

A

Inferior Meatus

78
Q

The ethmoid bone forms part of the floor of

A

Cranial Cavity, Part of Lat Wall of Nose and Nasal Septum

79
Q

Frontal sinus sensory innervation

A

V1

80
Q

Maxillary Sinus Sensory Innervation

A

V2

81
Q

Ethmoidal Sinus Sensory Innervation

A

V1

82
Q

Sphenoidal Sinus Sensory Innervation

A

V1 and V2

83
Q

What is a meatus

A

space that lies underneath the projecting concha

84
Q

What opens into meatus

A

Paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal duct

85
Q

What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?

A

Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

86
Q

The roof of nasal cavity is lined by

A

Olfactory Mucosa

87
Q

Which cranial nerve, responsible for the sense of smell, innervates this olfactory mucosa?

A

Olfactory Nerve

88
Q

Which plate of bone lying on the roof of the cranial cavity do axons of this nerve pass through to enter into the cranial cavity?

A

Cribriform Plate of Ethmoid Bone

89
Q

How many projections does lateral wall of nasal cavity have

A

3

90
Q

What is the space inferior to each concha in nose called

A

Meatus

91
Q

What is the name given to the space above the superior concha?

A

Sphenoethmoidal Recess

92
Q

The inferior concha is a separate bone. What bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of?

A

Ethmoid Bone

93
Q

The nose has a rich arterial supply from the

A

Ophthalmic Artery and branches of the ECA

94
Q

What opens into Sphene-ethmoid recess

A

Sphenoid Sinus

95
Q

What opens into Superior Meatus

A

Posterior ethmoid air cells

96
Q

What opens into Middle Meatus

A

Maxillary Sinus, frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and middle ethmoidal air cells

97
Q

What opens into Inferior Meatus

A

Nasolacrimal Duct

98
Q

Name the air sinus whose floor is often indented by tooth sockets

A

Maxillary Sinus

99
Q

Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates frontal air sinus

A

V1

100
Q

Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates maxillary air sinus

A

V2

101
Q

Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates sphenoid air sinus

A

V1

102
Q

Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates ethmoidal air cells

A

V1 and V2

103
Q

Which bones form the roof of the nasopharynx

A

Sphenoid and basilar Occipital bone

104
Q

Which muscle runs towards the TMJ

A

Lateral Pterygoid

105
Q

Lateral Pterygoid Function

A

Protraction

106
Q

Both the Pterygoid Muscles attach to the

A

Lateral Pterygoid Plate

107
Q

How many Incisors do you have

A

8

108
Q

How many canine teeth do you have

A

4

109
Q

How many molars do you have

A

8

110
Q

What type of joint is Temporomandibular Joint

A

Bilateral Synovial Hinge

111
Q

What 2 processes form the TMJ Joint

A

Mandibular Fossa of Temporal Bone and Condyle Process of Mandible

112
Q

Name the muscles of mastication

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid

113
Q

What are the bony attachments of temporalis muscle

A

Temporal Bone and Coronoid Process

114
Q

What action would it have on mandible when anterior fibres of temporalis contract

A

elevation of mandible

115
Q

What action would it have on mandible when posterior fibres of temporalis contract

A

Retrusion of Mandible

116
Q

Masseter bony attachments

A

Sup: Zygomatic Arch and Outer Surface of Ramus and Coronoid Process of Mandible

117
Q

The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attach to

A

Lateral Pterygoid Plate of Skull

118
Q

When the two lateral pterygoid muscles contract they cause

A

protrusion of mandible and depression of chin

119
Q

When the lateral pterygoid muscle contracts with the medial pterygoid of the same side it causes

A

swinging of mandible to side of contraction

120
Q

When the two medial pterygoid muscles contract they cause?

A

elevation of mandible

121
Q

Which 3 muscles cause elevation of mandible

A
  1. Masseter
  2. Temporalis
  3. Medial Pterygoid
122
Q

Which 4 muscles cause depression of mandible

A
  1. Mylohyoid
  2. Geniohyoid
  3. Diagrastic
  4. Stylohyoid
123
Q

Which muscles cause protrusion of mandible

A

Lateral Pterogoid

124
Q

Which muscle causes retraction of mandible

A

Temporalis

125
Q

Which 3 muscles cause side to side movements of mandible

A

Lateral Pterygoid - Unilateral

126
Q

Innervation of Muscles of mastication

A

Mandibular of Trigeminal (CN V3)

127
Q

What is the only division of the trigeminal nerve that carries sensory and motor fibres

A

Mandibular of Trigeminal

128
Q

Mandibular of Trigeminal nerve emerges from

A

Cranial cavity through Oval Foramen (Foramen Ovale)

129
Q

What nerve supply motor branches to muscles of mastification in infratemporal fossa

A

mandibular of trigeminal

130
Q

The inferior alveolar nerve comes off which nerve

A

Mandibular of Trigeminal

131
Q

what nerve provides innervation to mandibular area

A

Inferior Alveolar Nerve from Mandibular of Trigeminal

132
Q

Which muscle that lies in lateral walls of oral cavity is innervated by facial nerve

A

Buccinator Muscle

133
Q

The muscle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursing of the lips is

A

Orbicularis Oris

134
Q

The posterior opening of the oral cavity is called the

A

Oropharyngeal Isthmus

135
Q

Which two bones form the hard palate?

A

Maxilla and Palatine Bones

136
Q

Name the 5 muscles in the soft palate:

A 
Tensor Veli Palatine
Levator Veli
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus 
Muscle of Uvulae
137
Q

Nerve supply to muscles in soft palate

A

Maxillary of Trigeminal

138
Q

Anterior Boundaries of Oropharynx

A

Right and Left Palatoglossal Arches

139
Q

Where are palatine tonsils found

A

Lateral Wall of Oropharynx

140
Q

What type of cellular tissue makes up palatine tonsils

A

Strat Squamous Epithelium

141
Q

What is the embryological significance of foramen caecum

A

REMNANT OF PROXIMAL EMBRYONIC THYROGLOSSAL DUCT

142
Q

Taste buds are present in anterior 1/3 tongue projections except on the

A

Filliform Type

143
Q

The dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection.
What are these elevations called?

A

Lingual Tonsils

144
Q

Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?

A

Frenulum

145
Q

Anterior 2/3 Tongue General sensory Innervation

A

Mandibular of Trigeminal

146
Q

Posterior 1/3 tongue general sensory innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal

147
Q

Taste Sensation to Anterior 2/3 Tongue

A

Chorda Tympani of Facial

148
Q

Taste Sensation to Posterior 1/3 Tongue

A

Glossopharyngeal

149
Q

Intrinsic Muscles of tongue do what

A

originate and insert within the tongue

150
Q

Extrinsic muscles of Tongue do what

A

that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate

151
Q

Name the four extrinsic muscles of tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus

152
Q

Genioglossus attachment and action

A

Inner surface of the
close to the midline

Protrudes tongue to opposite side

153
Q

Hypoglossus attachment and action

A

Upper border of body of mandible

Depresses and retracts tongue

154
Q

Styloglossus attachment and action

A

Styloid process

Retracts and elevates tongue

155
Q

Palatoglossus attachment and action

A

Soft palate

elevates posterior tongue

156
Q

The hypoglossal nerve (Cranial Nerve XII) innervates all the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one.
Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Palatoglossus (innervated by vagus nerve)

157
Q

which muscle separates the two parts of submandibular gland

A

mylohyoid

158
Q

Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland?

A

facial artery

159
Q

Parotid Salivary gland parasympathetic innervation

A

Glossopharyngeal

160
Q

Submandibular and Sublingual parasympathetic Innervation

A

Facial nerve

161
Q

With which structure does larynx continue superiorly

A

Pharynx

162
Q

With which structure does larynx continue inferiorly

A

Trachea

163
Q

Which thyroid cartilages is paired?

A

Artyenoid

164
Q

Which of these thyroid cartilages is a complete ring shaped cartilage?

A

cricoid

165
Q

Which of these larynx membranes lie inferior to the vocal cord (labelled in diagram above)

A

median cricothyroid

166
Q

Name the four structures that form laryngeal inlet

A

Free Curved Edge of Epiglottis
Corniculate Cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilage
Aryepiglottic Folds

167
Q

The lumen of the larynx is divided into how many parts

A

Three

168
Q

Vestibule of larynx is between

A

Laryngeal Inlet and Vestibular Folds

169
Q

Middle part of larynx lies between

A

Vestibular Folds and True Vocal Cords

170
Q

Lower part of larynx lies between

A

Vocal Cords to Lower Cricoid Cartilage

171
Q

What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?

A

COMPLETE LOSS OF MOTOR INNERVATION TO INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF LARYNX AND SENSORY INNERVATION TO AREA BELOW VOCAL CORD

172
Q

What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?

A

A branch of superior laryngeal nerve – internal laryngeal branch. The superior laryngeal nerve is branch off of vagus nerve

173
Q

The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by

A

Nasopharyngeal Tonsils

174
Q

In relation to the larynx, the (laryngo) pharynx lies

A

Posteriorsuperior

175
Q

What prevents this bolus from entering the larynx?

A

Epiglottis

176
Q

The pharynx has how many layers

A

Three

177
Q

The outer circular layer of pharynx is formed from

A

Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) constrictor muscles

178
Q

Name the three muscles that form inner longitudinal layer of larynx

A

Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus

179
Q

The pharynx receives innervation from

A

pharyngeal plexus

180
Q

Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?

A

CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) - sensory and CN X (Vagus) - motor

181
Q

What is the role played by the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?

A

Peristalsis

182
Q

Name the lymphoid collections present in Waldeyers Ring:

A

Lingual Tonsils
palatine Tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils
Tubal Tonsils

Head and Neck Anatomy (9 decks)

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