Neck 2 Flashcards
1
Q
The vagus nerve is found in which section of neck
A
Vascular Compartment
2
Q
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
A
7
3
Q
What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (atlas)?
A
Synovial
4
Q
What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?
A
Synovial Pivot
5
Q
What is the vertebra prominens?
A
Spinous Process of C7
6
Q
What is the special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?
A
Bifid - 2 Spinous Processes
7
Q
What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?
A
Lorodotic
8
Q
Anterior Triangle of Neck Boundaries
A
Sup: Mandible
Pos: Ant SCM
Ant: Sagittal Line down Midline of Neck
9
Q
Contents of Anterior Neck (8)
A
CCA ECA ICA Facial Artery Int Jug Vein Facial Vein Submandibular and Submental Lymph Nodes
10
Q
Posterior Triangle of Neck Boundaries
A
Ant: Pos SCM
Pos: Trapezius
Inf: Clavicle
11
Q
Pos Triangle of Neck Contents (3)
A
Occipital Artery
External Jug Vein
Accessory Nerve
12
Q
Sternocleidomastoid attachments
A
Manubrium and Clavicle
13
Q
Trapezius actions
A
Rotate and Retract Scapula
14
Q
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?
A
Accessory Nerve
15
Q
Accessory Nerve is found in what triangle of neck
A
Posterior
16
Q
Anterior Triangle of Neck can be divided into how many triangles
A
4
17
Q
Submental Triangle of Neck boundaries
A
MEDIAL: MIDLINE
INFERIOR :HYOID BONE
LATERAL: ANT BELLY DIAGRASTIC MUSCLE
18
Q
Submandibular Triangle of Neck Boundaries
A
SUP: BODY OF MANDIBLE
ANT: ANT BELLY DIAGRASTIC
POS: POS BELLY DIAGRASTIC
19
Q
Carotid Triangle of Neck Boundaries
A
SUP: POS BELLY DIAGRASTIC
INF: SUP BELLY OMOHYOID
LAT: ANT BELLY SCM MUSCLE
20
Q
Muscular Triangle of Neck boundaries
A
SUP: HYOID BONE
MEDIAL: MIDLINE
SUPEROLATERAL: SUP BELLY OMOHYOID MUSCLE
21
Q
Submental Triangle of Neck Contents
A
Submental Lymph Nodes
22
Q
Submandibular/Diagrastic Triangle of Neck Contents
A
Facial Artery and Vein
Submandibular Lymph Node
23
Q
Carotid Triangle of Neck Contents
A
CCA
Internal Jug Vein
Vagus Nerve
24
Q
Muscular Triangle of Neck contents
A
Infrahyoid Muscles
pharynx
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
25
Which rami of lower cervical spinal nerves emerge from between scalene muscles that form floor of posterior triangle of neck
Ventral
26
The ventral rami of lower cervical spinal nerves emerge between scalene muscles. What do these rami collectively form
Brachial Plexus
27
Which artery is CCA a branch of on right side
Brachiocephalic
28
Which artery is CCA a branch of on left side
Aortic Arch
29
The CCA runs in which triangle of neck within carotid sheath
Anterior
30
Identify two other structures that occupy carotid sheath
Internal Jug vein and Vagus Nerve
31
At what level (in relation to the vertebrae and cartilaginous structures in the neck) does the CCA divide into the external (ECA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) in the neck? (use your textbook to find the answer)
C4
32
Which of these two branches, (the ECA or the ICA?), gives off branches in the neck?
ECA
33
In the neck, which of these two, the ECA or the ICA is the most lateral?
ICA
34
What are the two terminal branches of the ECA (given off in the face) and within which glandular structure are they given off?
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL AND MAXILLARY FORM IN PAROTID GLAND
35
Where does internal jugular vein run
Carotid Sheath
36
Where does internal jugular vein arise from
Jugular venous sinus
37
Which vein of the upper limb does the IJV merge with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?
MERGES WITH SUBCLAVIAN TO FORM BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN
38
The external jugular vein (EJV) is a superficial vein draining the
scalp and face
39
In relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where does the EJV run – superficial or deep to it?
superficial
40
Which vein does the EJV drain into?
subclavian vein
41
Where does the vagus nerves lie in relation to the vascular contents of the sheath?
posterior
42
The phrenic nerve arises from the
cervical plexus in neck
43
Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?
posterior
44
The hyoid bone is moved by the
Supra and Infrahyoid Muscles
45
What ventral rami form the cervical plexus
C1-5
46
Name the five muscles attached to Hyoid Bone
Suprahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
Hypoglossal Muscle and Geniglossus Muscle
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
47
The Mylohyoid nerve supply
V3 Mylohyoid Nerve
48
The Geniohyoid nerve supply
C1 Hypoglossal Nerve
49
Diagrastic nerve supply
Mylohyoid Nerve Ant Belly
| Facial Nerve Pos Belly
50
Stylohyoid nerve supply
Facial Nerve
51
Name the four suprahyoid muscles
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Diagrastic
Stylohyoid
52
What action would the four supra hyoid muscles - mylohyoid, geniohyoid, diagnostic and stylohyoid have on mandible and hyoid bone
DEPRESSION OF MANDIBLE AND ELEVATION OF HYOID BONE
53
Name the four infra hyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
54
Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid and Omohyoid Nerve Supply
C2 and 3
55
Thyrohyoid Nerve Supply
C1
56
What action would infra hyoid muscles have on hyoid bone
Depression
57
What are vertebral root valves of cervical plexus
C1-4
58
Name a motor nerve that emerges from this plexus and travels down through the thorax.
Phrenic Nerve
59
What is the ansa cervicalis?
LOOP OF NERVES FORMED BY NERVE ROOTS C1-3.
60
Brachial Plexus root values
C5-C8 and T1
61
What are the anatomical parts of thyroid gland
Right + L Lobe
| Isthmus
62
At what level (in relation to the trachea or larynx) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?
C6/7 ANTERIOR TO 2ND AND 3RD TRACHEAL RINGS
63
With which bone do the nasal bones articulate superiorly at the nasion
Ethmoid Bone
64
The roof of the nose is formed from
Nasal Bones, Frontal, Ethmoid and Sphenoid Bone
65
The part of ethmoid bone that contributes to roof of nasal cavity contains the
Cribriform Plate
66
Floor of nasal cavity is formed by palatine processes of
Maxillae and Palatine Bones
67
Palatine bones form which part of palate
Hard Palate
68
Floor of nasal cavity is extended posteriorly by
Soft Palate
69
What two bones form nasal septum
Vomer
| Perpendicular Ethmoid Bone
70
What structure lies anterior to these two bones and completes the nasal septum?
Septal Nasal Cartilage
71
What passes through Cribriform Plate
Crista Galli
72
What attaches to Crista Galli
Falx Cerebri
73
The Cribriform Plate and Crista Galli are part of which bone
Ethmoid Bone
74
The sphenoid sinus opens into
sphene-ethmoid recess
75
Posterior ethmoid air cells open into
Superior Meatus
76
The Maxillary Sinus, frontal Sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and mid ethmoidal air cells opens into
Middle Meatus
77
The nasolacrimal duct opens into
Inferior Meatus
78
The ethmoid bone forms part of the floor of
Cranial Cavity, Part of Lat Wall of Nose and Nasal Septum
79
Frontal sinus sensory innervation
V1
80
Maxillary Sinus Sensory Innervation
V2
81
Ethmoidal Sinus Sensory Innervation
V1
82
Sphenoidal Sinus Sensory Innervation
V1 and V2
83
What is a meatus
space that lies underneath the projecting concha
84
What opens into meatus
Paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
85
What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
86
The roof of nasal cavity is lined by
Olfactory Mucosa
87
Which cranial nerve, responsible for the sense of smell, innervates this olfactory mucosa?
Olfactory Nerve
88
Which plate of bone lying on the roof of the cranial cavity do axons of this nerve pass through to enter into the cranial cavity?
Cribriform Plate of Ethmoid Bone
89
How many projections does lateral wall of nasal cavity have
3
90
What is the space inferior to each concha in nose called
Meatus
91
What is the name given to the space above the superior concha?
Sphenoethmoidal Recess
92
The inferior concha is a separate bone. What bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of?
Ethmoid Bone
93
The nose has a rich arterial supply from the
Ophthalmic Artery and branches of the ECA
94
What opens into Sphene-ethmoid recess
Sphenoid Sinus
95
What opens into Superior Meatus
Posterior ethmoid air cells
96
What opens into Middle Meatus
Maxillary Sinus, frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and middle ethmoidal air cells
97
What opens into Inferior Meatus
Nasolacrimal Duct
98
Name the air sinus whose floor is often indented by tooth sockets
Maxillary Sinus
99
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates frontal air sinus
V1
100
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates maxillary air sinus
V2
101
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates sphenoid air sinus
V1
102
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates ethmoidal air cells
V1 and V2
103
Which bones form the roof of the nasopharynx
Sphenoid and basilar Occipital bone
104
Which muscle runs towards the TMJ
Lateral Pterygoid
105
Lateral Pterygoid Function
Protraction
106
Both the Pterygoid Muscles attach to the
Lateral Pterygoid Plate
107
How many Incisors do you have
8
108
How many canine teeth do you have
4
109
How many molars do you have
8
110
What type of joint is Temporomandibular Joint
Bilateral Synovial Hinge
111
What 2 processes form the TMJ Joint
Mandibular Fossa of Temporal Bone and Condyle Process of Mandible
112
Name the muscles of mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid
113
What are the bony attachments of temporalis muscle
Temporal Bone and Coronoid Process
114
What action would it have on mandible when anterior fibres of temporalis contract
elevation of mandible
115
What action would it have on mandible when posterior fibres of temporalis contract
Retrusion of Mandible
116
Masseter bony attachments
Sup: Zygomatic Arch and Outer Surface of Ramus and Coronoid Process of Mandible
117
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attach to
Lateral Pterygoid Plate of Skull
118
When the two lateral pterygoid muscles contract they cause
protrusion of mandible and depression of chin
119
When the lateral pterygoid muscle contracts with the medial pterygoid of the same side it causes
swinging of mandible to side of contraction
120
When the two medial pterygoid muscles contract they cause?
elevation of mandible
121
Which 3 muscles cause elevation of mandible
1. Masseter
2. Temporalis
3. Medial Pterygoid
122
Which 4 muscles cause depression of mandible
1. Mylohyoid
2. Geniohyoid
3. Diagrastic
4. Stylohyoid
123
Which muscles cause protrusion of mandible
Lateral Pterogoid
124
Which muscle causes retraction of mandible
Temporalis
125
Which 3 muscles cause side to side movements of mandible
Lateral Pterygoid - Unilateral
126
Innervation of Muscles of mastication
Mandibular of Trigeminal (CN V3)
127
What is the only division of the trigeminal nerve that carries sensory and motor fibres
Mandibular of Trigeminal
128
Mandibular of Trigeminal nerve emerges from
Cranial cavity through Oval Foramen (Foramen Ovale)
129
What nerve supply motor branches to muscles of mastification in infratemporal fossa
mandibular of trigeminal
130
The inferior alveolar nerve comes off which nerve
Mandibular of Trigeminal
131
what nerve provides innervation to mandibular area
Inferior Alveolar Nerve from Mandibular of Trigeminal
132
Which muscle that lies in lateral walls of oral cavity is innervated by facial nerve
Buccinator Muscle
133
The muscle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursing of the lips is
Orbicularis Oris
134
The posterior opening of the oral cavity is called the
Oropharyngeal Isthmus
135
Which two bones form the hard palate?
Maxilla and Palatine Bones
136
Name the 5 muscles in the soft palate:
```
Tensor Veli Palatine
Levator Veli
Palatopharyngeus
Palatoglossus
Muscle of Uvulae
```
137
Nerve supply to muscles in soft palate
Maxillary of Trigeminal
138
Anterior Boundaries of Oropharynx
Right and Left Palatoglossal Arches
139
Where are palatine tonsils found
Lateral Wall of Oropharynx
140
What type of cellular tissue makes up palatine tonsils
Strat Squamous Epithelium
141
What is the embryological significance of foramen caecum
REMNANT OF PROXIMAL EMBRYONIC THYROGLOSSAL DUCT
142
Taste buds are present in anterior 1/3 tongue projections except on the
Filliform Type
143
The dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection.
What are these elevations called?
Lingual Tonsils
144
Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
Frenulum
145
Anterior 2/3 Tongue General sensory Innervation
Mandibular of Trigeminal
146
Posterior 1/3 tongue general sensory innervation
Glossopharyngeal
147
Taste Sensation to Anterior 2/3 Tongue
Chorda Tympani of Facial
148
Taste Sensation to Posterior 1/3 Tongue
Glossopharyngeal
149
Intrinsic Muscles of tongue do what
originate and insert within the tongue
150
Extrinsic muscles of Tongue do what
that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate
151
Name the four extrinsic muscles of tongue
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
152
Genioglossus attachment and action
Inner surface of the
close to the midline
Protrudes tongue to opposite side
153
Hypoglossus attachment and action
Upper border of body of mandible
Depresses and retracts tongue
154
Styloglossus attachment and action
Styloid process
Retracts and elevates tongue
155
Palatoglossus attachment and action
Soft palate
elevates posterior tongue
156
The hypoglossal nerve (Cranial Nerve XII) innervates all the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one.
Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus (innervated by vagus nerve)
157
which muscle separates the two parts of submandibular gland
mylohyoid
158
Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland?
facial artery
159
Parotid Salivary gland parasympathetic innervation
Glossopharyngeal
160
Submandibular and Sublingual parasympathetic Innervation
Facial nerve
161
With which structure does larynx continue superiorly
Pharynx
162
With which structure does larynx continue inferiorly
Trachea
163
Which thyroid cartilages is paired?
Artyenoid
164
Which of these thyroid cartilages is a complete ring shaped cartilage?
cricoid
165
Which of these larynx membranes lie inferior to the vocal cord (labelled in diagram above)
median cricothyroid
166
Name the four structures that form laryngeal inlet
Free Curved Edge of Epiglottis
Corniculate Cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilage
Aryepiglottic Folds
167
The lumen of the larynx is divided into how many parts
Three
168
Vestibule of larynx is between
Laryngeal Inlet and Vestibular Folds
169
Middle part of larynx lies between
Vestibular Folds and True Vocal Cords
170
Lower part of larynx lies between
Vocal Cords to Lower Cricoid Cartilage
171
What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?
COMPLETE LOSS OF MOTOR INNERVATION TO INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF LARYNX AND SENSORY INNERVATION TO AREA BELOW VOCAL CORD
172
What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?
A branch of superior laryngeal nerve – internal laryngeal branch. The superior laryngeal nerve is branch off of vagus nerve
173
The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by
Nasopharyngeal Tonsils
174
In relation to the larynx, the (laryngo) pharynx lies
Posteriorsuperior
175
What prevents this bolus from entering the larynx?
Epiglottis
176
The pharynx has how many layers
Three
177
The outer circular layer of pharynx is formed from
Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) constrictor muscles
178
Name the three muscles that form inner longitudinal layer of larynx
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
179
The pharynx receives innervation from
pharyngeal plexus
180
Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) - sensory and CN X (Vagus) - motor
181
What is the role played by the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?
Peristalsis
182
Name the lymphoid collections present in Waldeyers Ring:
Lingual Tonsils
palatine Tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils
Tubal Tonsils
