Neck 2 Flashcards
The vagus nerve is found in which section of neck
Vascular Compartment
How many cervical vertebrae are there?
7
What kind of joint is present between the occipital condyles and C1 (atlas)?
Synovial
What kind of joint is present between C1 and C2 at the odontoid peg?
Synovial Pivot
What is the vertebra prominens?
Spinous Process of C7
What is the special feature of the spines of cervical vertebrae?
Bifid - 2 Spinous Processes
What curvature exists in the cervical portion of the vertebral column?
Lorodotic
Anterior Triangle of Neck Boundaries
Sup: Mandible
Pos: Ant SCM
Ant: Sagittal Line down Midline of Neck
Contents of Anterior Neck (8)
CCA ECA ICA Facial Artery Int Jug Vein Facial Vein Submandibular and Submental Lymph Nodes
Posterior Triangle of Neck Boundaries
Ant: Pos SCM
Pos: Trapezius
Inf: Clavicle
Pos Triangle of Neck Contents (3)
Occipital Artery
External Jug Vein
Accessory Nerve
Sternocleidomastoid attachments
Manubrium and Clavicle
Trapezius actions
Rotate and Retract Scapula
Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?
Accessory Nerve
Accessory Nerve is found in what triangle of neck
Posterior
Anterior Triangle of Neck can be divided into how many triangles
4
Submental Triangle of Neck boundaries
MEDIAL: MIDLINE
INFERIOR :HYOID BONE
LATERAL: ANT BELLY DIAGRASTIC MUSCLE
Submandibular Triangle of Neck Boundaries
SUP: BODY OF MANDIBLE
ANT: ANT BELLY DIAGRASTIC
POS: POS BELLY DIAGRASTIC
Carotid Triangle of Neck Boundaries
SUP: POS BELLY DIAGRASTIC
INF: SUP BELLY OMOHYOID
LAT: ANT BELLY SCM MUSCLE
Muscular Triangle of Neck boundaries
SUP: HYOID BONE
MEDIAL: MIDLINE
SUPEROLATERAL: SUP BELLY OMOHYOID MUSCLE
Submental Triangle of Neck Contents
Submental Lymph Nodes
Submandibular/Diagrastic Triangle of Neck Contents
Facial Artery and Vein
Submandibular Lymph Node
Carotid Triangle of Neck Contents
CCA
Internal Jug Vein
Vagus Nerve
Muscular Triangle of Neck contents
Infrahyoid Muscles
pharynx
Thyroid and parathyroid glands
Which rami of lower cervical spinal nerves emerge from between scalene muscles that form floor of posterior triangle of neck
Ventral
The ventral rami of lower cervical spinal nerves emerge between scalene muscles. What do these rami collectively form
Brachial Plexus
Which artery is CCA a branch of on right side
Brachiocephalic
Which artery is CCA a branch of on left side
Aortic Arch
The CCA runs in which triangle of neck within carotid sheath
Anterior
Identify two other structures that occupy carotid sheath
Internal Jug vein and Vagus Nerve
At what level (in relation to the vertebrae and cartilaginous structures in the neck) does the CCA divide into the external (ECA) and internal carotid arteries (ICA) in the neck? (use your textbook to find the answer)
C4
Which of these two branches, (the ECA or the ICA?), gives off branches in the neck?
ECA
In the neck, which of these two, the ECA or the ICA is the most lateral?
ICA
What are the two terminal branches of the ECA (given off in the face) and within which glandular structure are they given off?
SUPERFICIAL TEMPORAL AND MAXILLARY FORM IN PAROTID GLAND
Where does internal jugular vein run
Carotid Sheath
Where does internal jugular vein arise from
Jugular venous sinus
Which vein of the upper limb does the IJV merge with and what is the name of the vein that is formed?
MERGES WITH SUBCLAVIAN TO FORM BRACHIOCEPHALIC VEIN
The external jugular vein (EJV) is a superficial vein draining the
scalp and face
In relation to the sternocleidomastoid muscle, where does the EJV run – superficial or deep to it?
superficial
Which vein does the EJV drain into?
subclavian vein
Where does the vagus nerves lie in relation to the vascular contents of the sheath?
posterior
The phrenic nerve arises from the
cervical plexus in neck
Where does the phrenic nerve lie in relation to the carotid sheath?
posterior
The hyoid bone is moved by the
Supra and Infrahyoid Muscles
What ventral rami form the cervical plexus
C1-5
Name the five muscles attached to Hyoid Bone
Suprahyoid Muscles
Infrahyoid Muscles
Hypoglossal Muscle and Geniglossus Muscle
Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor
The Mylohyoid nerve supply
V3 Mylohyoid Nerve
The Geniohyoid nerve supply
C1 Hypoglossal Nerve
Diagrastic nerve supply
Mylohyoid Nerve Ant Belly
Facial Nerve Pos Belly
Stylohyoid nerve supply
Facial Nerve
Name the four suprahyoid muscles
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
Diagrastic
Stylohyoid
What action would the four supra hyoid muscles - mylohyoid, geniohyoid, diagnostic and stylohyoid have on mandible and hyoid bone
DEPRESSION OF MANDIBLE AND ELEVATION OF HYOID BONE
Name the four infra hyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
Omohyoid
Sternohyoid and Sternothyroid and Omohyoid Nerve Supply
C2 and 3
Thyrohyoid Nerve Supply
C1
What action would infra hyoid muscles have on hyoid bone
Depression
What are vertebral root valves of cervical plexus
C1-4
Name a motor nerve that emerges from this plexus and travels down through the thorax.
Phrenic Nerve
What is the ansa cervicalis?
LOOP OF NERVES FORMED BY NERVE ROOTS C1-3.
Brachial Plexus root values
C5-C8 and T1
What are the anatomical parts of thyroid gland
Right + L Lobe
Isthmus
At what level (in relation to the trachea or larynx) does the isthmus of the thyroid gland lie?
C6/7 ANTERIOR TO 2ND AND 3RD TRACHEAL RINGS
With which bone do the nasal bones articulate superiorly at the nasion
Ethmoid Bone
The roof of the nose is formed from
Nasal Bones, Frontal, Ethmoid and Sphenoid Bone
The part of ethmoid bone that contributes to roof of nasal cavity contains the
Cribriform Plate
Floor of nasal cavity is formed by palatine processes of
Maxillae and Palatine Bones
Palatine bones form which part of palate
Hard Palate
Floor of nasal cavity is extended posteriorly by
Soft Palate
What two bones form nasal septum
Vomer
Perpendicular Ethmoid Bone
What structure lies anterior to these two bones and completes the nasal septum?
Septal Nasal Cartilage
What passes through Cribriform Plate
Crista Galli
What attaches to Crista Galli
Falx Cerebri
The Cribriform Plate and Crista Galli are part of which bone
Ethmoid Bone
The sphenoid sinus opens into
sphene-ethmoid recess
Posterior ethmoid air cells open into
Superior Meatus
The Maxillary Sinus, frontal Sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and mid ethmoidal air cells opens into
Middle Meatus
The nasolacrimal duct opens into
Inferior Meatus
The ethmoid bone forms part of the floor of
Cranial Cavity, Part of Lat Wall of Nose and Nasal Septum
Frontal sinus sensory innervation
V1
Maxillary Sinus Sensory Innervation
V2
Ethmoidal Sinus Sensory Innervation
V1
Sphenoidal Sinus Sensory Innervation
V1 and V2
What is a meatus
space that lies underneath the projecting concha
What opens into meatus
Paranasal air sinuses and nasolacrimal duct
What kind of epithelium forms the respiratory mucosa which lines most of the nasal cavity?
Ciliated Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium
The roof of nasal cavity is lined by
Olfactory Mucosa
Which cranial nerve, responsible for the sense of smell, innervates this olfactory mucosa?
Olfactory Nerve
Which plate of bone lying on the roof of the cranial cavity do axons of this nerve pass through to enter into the cranial cavity?
Cribriform Plate of Ethmoid Bone
How many projections does lateral wall of nasal cavity have
3
What is the space inferior to each concha in nose called
Meatus
What is the name given to the space above the superior concha?
Sphenoethmoidal Recess
The inferior concha is a separate bone. What bone are the superior and middle conchae parts of?
Ethmoid Bone
The nose has a rich arterial supply from the
Ophthalmic Artery and branches of the ECA
What opens into Sphene-ethmoid recess
Sphenoid Sinus
What opens into Superior Meatus
Posterior ethmoid air cells
What opens into Middle Meatus
Maxillary Sinus, frontal sinus, anterior ethmoidal air cells and middle ethmoidal air cells
What opens into Inferior Meatus
Nasolacrimal Duct
Name the air sinus whose floor is often indented by tooth sockets
Maxillary Sinus
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates frontal air sinus
V1
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates maxillary air sinus
V2
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates sphenoid air sinus
V1
Which branch of trigeminal nerve innervates ethmoidal air cells
V1 and V2
Which bones form the roof of the nasopharynx
Sphenoid and basilar Occipital bone
Which muscle runs towards the TMJ
Lateral Pterygoid
Lateral Pterygoid Function
Protraction
Both the Pterygoid Muscles attach to the
Lateral Pterygoid Plate
How many Incisors do you have
8
How many canine teeth do you have
4
How many molars do you have
8
What type of joint is Temporomandibular Joint
Bilateral Synovial Hinge
What 2 processes form the TMJ Joint
Mandibular Fossa of Temporal Bone and Condyle Process of Mandible
Name the muscles of mastication
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial and Lateral Pterygoid
What are the bony attachments of temporalis muscle
Temporal Bone and Coronoid Process
What action would it have on mandible when anterior fibres of temporalis contract
elevation of mandible
What action would it have on mandible when posterior fibres of temporalis contract
Retrusion of Mandible
Masseter bony attachments
Sup: Zygomatic Arch and Outer Surface of Ramus and Coronoid Process of Mandible
The medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attach to
Lateral Pterygoid Plate of Skull
When the two lateral pterygoid muscles contract they cause
protrusion of mandible and depression of chin
When the lateral pterygoid muscle contracts with the medial pterygoid of the same side it causes
swinging of mandible to side of contraction
When the two medial pterygoid muscles contract they cause?
elevation of mandible
Which 3 muscles cause elevation of mandible
- Masseter
- Temporalis
- Medial Pterygoid
Which 4 muscles cause depression of mandible
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Diagrastic
- Stylohyoid
Which muscles cause protrusion of mandible
Lateral Pterogoid
Which muscle causes retraction of mandible
Temporalis
Which 3 muscles cause side to side movements of mandible
Lateral Pterygoid - Unilateral
Innervation of Muscles of mastication
Mandibular of Trigeminal (CN V3)
What is the only division of the trigeminal nerve that carries sensory and motor fibres
Mandibular of Trigeminal
Mandibular of Trigeminal nerve emerges from
Cranial cavity through Oval Foramen (Foramen Ovale)
What nerve supply motor branches to muscles of mastification in infratemporal fossa
mandibular of trigeminal
The inferior alveolar nerve comes off which nerve
Mandibular of Trigeminal
what nerve provides innervation to mandibular area
Inferior Alveolar Nerve from Mandibular of Trigeminal
Which muscle that lies in lateral walls of oral cavity is innervated by facial nerve
Buccinator Muscle
The muscle of facial expression whose contraction causes closing/pursing of the lips is
Orbicularis Oris
The posterior opening of the oral cavity is called the
Oropharyngeal Isthmus
Which two bones form the hard palate?
Maxilla and Palatine Bones
Name the 5 muscles in the soft palate:
Tensor Veli Palatine Levator Veli Palatopharyngeus Palatoglossus Muscle of Uvulae
Nerve supply to muscles in soft palate
Maxillary of Trigeminal
Anterior Boundaries of Oropharynx
Right and Left Palatoglossal Arches
Where are palatine tonsils found
Lateral Wall of Oropharynx
What type of cellular tissue makes up palatine tonsils
Strat Squamous Epithelium
What is the embryological significance of foramen caecum
REMNANT OF PROXIMAL EMBRYONIC THYROGLOSSAL DUCT
Taste buds are present in anterior 1/3 tongue projections except on the
Filliform Type
The dorsal surface of the posterior 1/3 of the tongue has surface elevations produced by submucosal lymphoid tissue collection.
What are these elevations called?
Lingual Tonsils
Name the fold of mucous membrane that fixes the tongue to the floor of the mouth?
Frenulum
Anterior 2/3 Tongue General sensory Innervation
Mandibular of Trigeminal
Posterior 1/3 tongue general sensory innervation
Glossopharyngeal
Taste Sensation to Anterior 2/3 Tongue
Chorda Tympani of Facial
Taste Sensation to Posterior 1/3 Tongue
Glossopharyngeal
Intrinsic Muscles of tongue do what
originate and insert within the tongue
Extrinsic muscles of Tongue do what
that attach from the tongue to surrounding bones or soft palate
Name the four extrinsic muscles of tongue
Genioglossus
Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus
Genioglossus attachment and action
Inner surface of the
close to the midline
Protrudes tongue to opposite side
Hypoglossus attachment and action
Upper border of body of mandible
Depresses and retracts tongue
Styloglossus attachment and action
Styloid process
Retracts and elevates tongue
Palatoglossus attachment and action
Soft palate
elevates posterior tongue
The hypoglossal nerve (Cranial Nerve XII) innervates all the muscles (intrinsic and extrinsic) of the tongue except one.
Which muscle attaching to the tongue in NOT innervated by the hypoglossal nerve?
Palatoglossus (innervated by vagus nerve)
which muscle separates the two parts of submandibular gland
mylohyoid
Name the artery that grooves the under surface of the submandibular salivary gland?
facial artery
Parotid Salivary gland parasympathetic innervation
Glossopharyngeal
Submandibular and Sublingual parasympathetic Innervation
Facial nerve
With which structure does larynx continue superiorly
Pharynx
With which structure does larynx continue inferiorly
Trachea
Which thyroid cartilages is paired?
Artyenoid
Which of these thyroid cartilages is a complete ring shaped cartilage?
cricoid
Which of these larynx membranes lie inferior to the vocal cord (labelled in diagram above)
median cricothyroid
Name the four structures that form laryngeal inlet
Free Curved Edge of Epiglottis
Corniculate Cartilage
Arytenoid Cartilage
Aryepiglottic Folds
The lumen of the larynx is divided into how many parts
Three
Vestibule of larynx is between
Laryngeal Inlet and Vestibular Folds
Middle part of larynx lies between
Vestibular Folds and True Vocal Cords
Lower part of larynx lies between
Vocal Cords to Lower Cricoid Cartilage
What would happen if the recurrent laryngeal nerve was transected?
COMPLETE LOSS OF MOTOR INNERVATION TO INTRINSIC MUSCLES OF LARYNX AND SENSORY INNERVATION TO AREA BELOW VOCAL CORD
What is the sensory nerve supply to the mucous membrane of the larynx?
A branch of superior laryngeal nerve – internal laryngeal branch. The superior laryngeal nerve is branch off of vagus nerve
The roof of the nasopharynx is formed by
Nasopharyngeal Tonsils
In relation to the larynx, the (laryngo) pharynx lies
Posteriorsuperior
What prevents this bolus from entering the larynx?
Epiglottis
The pharynx has how many layers
Three
The outer circular layer of pharynx is formed from
Three constrictor (superior, middle and inferior) constrictor muscles
Name the three muscles that form inner longitudinal layer of larynx
Stylopharyngeus
Salpingopharyngeus
Palatopharyngeus
The pharynx receives innervation from
pharyngeal plexus
Branches of which 2 cranial nerves form the pharyngeal plexus?
CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) - sensory and CN X (Vagus) - motor
What is the role played by the constrictor muscles of the pharynx during swallowing?
Peristalsis
Name the lymphoid collections present in Waldeyers Ring:
Lingual Tonsils
palatine Tonsils
Pharyngeal tonsils
Tubal Tonsils