Random Flashcards
What is the Evans Index ?
The ratio of maximum width of a frontal herns to maximum inner skull diameter
- 0.20-0.25»_space; normal
- 0.25-0.30»_space; possible/early ventriculomegaly
- > 0.30»_space; ventriculomegaly
What is the wallenberg syndrome?
Lateral medullary and posterior inferior cerebellar syndrome
Which is outcome worse vascular stroke or sinus stroke ?
Arterial
Why sinus venous thrombosis have hydrocephylus ?
Because the csf normal pass passively to vein due to low pressure in it , in venous thrombosis > pressure increases inside the vein and don’t allow csf to enter
What is the unintentional weight loss ?
defined as loss of more than 5 percent of usual body weight over 6 to 12 months [1,2].
What is the time taken by ICH hematoma to expand ?
Within 24 h
In vagal nerve stimulation done in white which’s side and why?
Done in the left vagus nerve only
As the rt vagus supply the sa node in heart so may lead to arrhythmia and arrest
Even if mother insists on the rt side u as a surgeon refuse
What si the Diastatic fractures ?
Diastatic fractures occur when there is a separation of the cranial sutures, most commonly with the lambdoid suture.
What is the distance in diastatic fracture
Diastasis was defined as sutural separation of a distance greater than 1 mm in comparison to the contralateral side.
What is the Todd’s paralysis ?
a neurological condition experienced by individuals with epilepsy, in which a seizure is followed by a brief period of temporary paralysis. The paralysis may be partial or complete but usually occurs on just one side of the body. , weakness
What is the difference bt contusion and concussions
contusion is another way to say bruise and is the bleeding on the brain due to localized trauma. A concussion refers to more widespread brain trauma from a blow to the head or swift shaking. Many assume that a concussion is just a more severe form of a contusion, but that is not th
الخلاصة
Contusion ~> كدمة ~< localized
Concussion ~> generalized
What is the use of procalcitonin
It’s use to early detection of the bacterial infection (it’s start increasing after 6-12 h after infection)
What is the half live of procalcitonin ?
20-24 h so after administrating the abx level gonna fall 50% after 24 h
How you can exam the brainstem ?
What is the triad of normal pressure hydrocephalus?
What is the type of hydrocephalus in NPH ?
Communicating hydrocephalus
Which case we can’t give mannitol and why ?
In Epidural hematoma the mannitol contraindicated if pt for conservative mx
What is the pathophysiology if sinking skin flap syndrome?
When the atmospheric pressure exceeds the intra cranial pressure, the skin flap presses on the brain tissue resulting in paradoxical herniation.
If pt agitated what u think
Mean he have SAH
In iNPH what you gonna see in sagital view ct ?
corpus callosum angle
The callosal angle has been proposed as a useful marker of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH), helpful in distinguishing these patients from those with ex-vacuo ventriculomegaly (see hydrocephalus versus atrophy).
It should be noted that there is nothing magical about this measurement, but rather it is merely a quantifiable measurement of the morphology of iNPH characterized by enlarged widening of the Sylvian fissures and cisterns with crowding of the gyri at the vertex.
Measurement
Ideally, the angle should be measured on a coronal image perpendicular to the anterior commissure - posterior commissure (AC-PC) plane at the level of the posterior commissure 1,2.
Interpretation
In general patients with iNPH have smaller angles than those with ventriculomegaly from atrophy or normal controls.
A normal value is typically between 100-120°. In patients with iNPH that value is lower, between 50-80° 2.
Sign suspect iNPH ?
- empty sella
- tourshity of the optic
Low gcs how to know if this is real drop in gcs or non compulsive seizure ?
By pupillary hippus
Repeatitive construction and dilation of the pupil
Why we use bromcriptine in head trauma ?
- it’s dopamin agonist
Use to treat central fever
We start from 5 mg
Can we use cortisone in septic shock and why ?
Yes
For 2 reasone :
1- inc the sensitivity of Beta receptors so norepenphren work best
2- improve the adrenal function
