RADPOSI I

Question 1

Tissues that cover internal and
external surfaces of the body, including the lining of vessels and
organs, such as the stomach and the intestines

Answer 1

Epithelial

Question 2

Supportive tissues that bind together and support
various structures

Answer 2

Connective

Question 3

Tissues that make up the substance of a muscle

Answer 3

Muscular

Question 4

No. of Facial bones

Answer 4

14

Question 5

Total bones in adult axial skeleton

Answer 5

80

Question 6

consist of a body and two ends or extr emities. are found only in the appendicular skeleton.

Answer 6

Long bones

Question 7

are roughly cuboidal and are found only in the wrists
and ankles. consist mainly of cancellous tissue with a
thin outer covering of compact bone.

Answer 7

Short bones

Question 8

consist of two plates of compact bone with cancellous
bone and bone marrow between them.

Answer 8

Flat bones

Question 9

Bones that have peculiar shapes are lumped into one nal
category

Answer 9

Irregular bones

Question 10

study of joints or articulations is called

Answer 10

Arthrology

Question 11

immovable joint

Answer 11

Synarthrosis

Question 12

joint with limited movement

Answer 12

Amphiarthrosis

Question 13

freely movable joint

Answer 13

Diarthrosis

Question 14

Approximately 50% of the population falls into this
category. For the purpose of radiographic positioning, are considered average in shape and internal organ
location

Answer 14

Sthenic

Question 15

A thin body style, which is more slender than the
sthenic body habitus. Approximately 35% of the population is
classified ________.

Answer 15

Hyposthenic

Question 16

A massive body style, which has a large and
broad frame as compared to the sthenic body habitus. Approxi-
mately 5% of the population is classi ed as __________.

Answer 16

Hypersthenic

Question 17

Approximately 10% of the population is very thin or
slender with a long and narrow body build. More slight in stature
than even the hyposthenic patient.

Answer 17

Asthenic

Question 18

A plane is any plane that divides
the body into right and left parts.

Answer 18

Sagittal Plane

Question 19

A _______ plane is any plane that divides the body into anterior and posterior parts.

Answer 19

Coronal plane

Question 20

is any plane that passes through the body dividing the body into superior and inferior portions.

Answer 20

Transverse plane

Question 21

refers to the back half
of the patient, or the part of the body seen when the person is viewed from the back.

Answer 21

Posterior/Dorsal

Question 22

refers to front half of the patient, or the part seen when viewed from the front

Answer 22

Anterior/Ventral

Question 23

refers to the sole or poste io surface of the foot.

Answer 23

Plantar (dorsum pedis)

Question 24

refers to the top or the anterior surface of the foot

Answer 24

Dorsal (dorsum pedis)

Question 25

back or posterior aspect of the hand

Answer 25

Dorsal (dorsum manus

Question 26

refers to the palm of the hand ; in the anatomic
position

Answer 26

Palmar

Question 27

projection refers to a projection of the CR from posterior to anterior.

Answer 27

PA Projection

Question 28

refers to a projection of CR from anterior to posterior

Answer 28

AP projection

Question 29

• Patient erect, feet spread slightly, weight equally distributed on
both eet
• Chin raised, resting against IR
• Hands on lower hips, palms out, elbows partially exed (Fig. 2.52)
• Shoulders rotated orward against IR to allow scapulae to move
laterally clear o lung f elds; shoulders depressed downward to
move clavicles below the apices

When performed demonstrates
pleural effusion, pneumothorax, atelectasis, and signs of infection

Answer 29

PA Projection

Question 30

• Patient erect, seated on cart, legs over the edge
• Arms around cassette unless a chest IR device is used, then
position as or an ambulatory patient
• Shoulders rotated orward and downward

Answer 30

PA Projection seated

Question 31

• Patient erect, left side against IR unless patient complaint
involves right side (in that case, do a right lateral i departmental
protocol includes this option)
• Weight evenly distributed on both feet
• Arms raised above head, chin up

A 90° perspective rom PA projection
may demonstrate pathology situated
posterior to the heart, great vessels, and
sternum

Answer 31

PA Lateral

Question 32

• Remove armrests, i possible, or place pillow or other support
under smaller patients so that armrests o wheelchair do not
superimpose lower lungs. (Fig. 2.62)
• Turn patient in wheelchair to lateral position as close to IR as
possible
• Have patient lean orward and place support blocks behind back;
raise arms above head and have patient hold on to support
bar—keeping arms high

Center patient to CR and to IR by checking anterior and posterior
aspects o thorax; adjust CR and IR to level o T7
• Ensure no rotation by viewing patient rom tube position

Answer 32

Lateral Chest: Wheelchair or Cart

Question 33

• Patient is supine on cart; i possible, the head end o the cart
or bed should be raised into a semierect position (see Notes)
• Roll patient’s shoulders orward by rotating arms medially or
internally

• This projection demonstrates pathology
involving the lungs, diaphragm, and
mediastinum
• Determining air- uid levels (pleural e usion) requires a completely erect position with a horizontal CR, as in a PA or decubitus
chest projection

Answer 33

AP Chest: Supine or semi-erect

Question 34

• Cardiac board on the cart or radiolucent pad under patient
• Patient lying on right side or right lateral decubitus and on le t
side or le t lateral decubitus (see Notes)
• Patient’s chin extended and both arms raised above head to
clear lung f eld; back o patient f rmly against IR; cart secured to
prevent patient rom moving orward and possibly alling; pillow
under patient’s head (Fig. 2.67)
• Knees exed slightly and coronal plane parallel to IR with no
body rotation

Clinical Indications
• Small pleural e usions are demonstrated by air-fluid levels in pleural space
• Small amounts of air in pleural cavity
may demonstrate a possible pneumothorax

Answer 34

Lateral Decubitus Position

Question 35

• Center midsagittal plane to CR and to centerline o IR
• Center cassette to CR (Top o IR should be about 3 inches
[7 to 8 cm] above shoulders on an average patient)

• Rule out calcif cations and masses
beneath the clavicles

Answer 35

AP Lordotic: Chest

Question 36

Patient Position
• Patient erect, rotated 45° with right anterior shoulder against IR
or RAO (Fig. 2.73) and 45° with le t anterior shoulder against
IR or LAO (Fig. 2.74) (see Notes or 60° LAO)
• Patient’s arm exed nearest IR and hand placed on hip, palm out
• Opposite arm raised to clear lung f eld and hand rested on head
or on chest unit or support, keeping arm raised as high as
possible
• Patient looking straight ahead; chin raised
Clinical Indications
• Investigate pathology involving the lung
f elds, trachea, and mediastinal structures
• Determine the size and contours o the
heart and great vessels

Answer 36

ANTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS—RAO AND LAO: CHEST

Question 37

Patient Position (Erect)
• Patient erect, rotated 45° (up to 60°) with right posterior shoulder against IR or RPO (Fig. 2.80) and 45° (up to to 60°) with
le t posterior shoulder against IR or LPO (Fig. 2.81)
• Arm closest to the IR raised resting on head; other arm placed
on hip with palm out
• Patient looking straight ahead
Clinical Indications
• Investigate pathology involving the
lung f elds, trachea, and mediastinal
structures
• Determine the size and contours o the
heart and great vessels

Answer 37

POSTERIOR OBLIQUE POSITIONS—RPO AND LPO: CHEST

Question 38

Patient Position Patient should be upright i possible, seated or
standing in a lateral position (may be taken in R or L lateral and
may be taken recumbent tabletop i necessary)
Clinical Indications
• Investigate pathology o the air-f lled
larynx and trachea, including the region of thyroid and thymus glands and upper
esophagus or opaque foreign object or if contrast medium is
present
• Rule out epiglottitis, which may be li e-threatening or a young
child

Answer 38

LATERAL POSITION: UPPER AIRWAY

Question 39

Patient Position Patient should be upright i possible, seated or
standing with back o head and shoulders against IR (may be taken
recumbent tabletop i necessary
Clinical Indications
• Investigate pathology o the air-f lled
larynx and trachea, including the region
o the thyroid and thymus glands and
upper esophagus or opaque oreign
object or i contrast medium is present

Answer 39

AP ROJECTION: UPPER AIRWAY

Question 40

• Supine with midsagittal plane centered to midline o table or IR
• Arms placed at patient’s sides, away rom body
• Legs bent with support under knees (to lessen lordotic lumbar
curvature)

• Pathology o the abdomen, including
bowel obstruction, neoplasms, calci cations, ascites, and scout image or contrast
medium studies o abdomen

Answer 40

AP Projection Supine: Abdomen

Question 41

• Prone with midsagittal plane o body centered to midline o table
or IR (Fig. 3.33)
• Legs extended with support under ankles
• Arms up beside head; clean pillow provided

Pathology o abdomen, including bowel
obstruction, neoplasms, calci cations,
ascites, and scout image or contrast
medium studies o abdomen

Answer 41

PA Prone Projection: Abdomen

Question 42

• Lateral recumbent on radiolucent pad, firmly against table or
vertical grid device (with wheels on cart locked so as not to
move away rom table)
• Patient on rm sur ace, such as a cardiac or back board, positioned under the sheet to prevent sagging and anatomy cutoff
(Fig. 3.36)
• Knees partially f exed, one on top o the other, to stabilize patient
• Arms up near head; clean pillow provided
• Abdominal masses, air-fluid levels, and
possible accumulations of intraperitoneal
air are demonstrated
• Small amounts o ree intraperitoneal air
are best demonstrated with chest technique on erect PA chest

Answer 42

Lateral Decubitus Position: Abdomen AP Projection