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PPL > Radionavigation > Flashcards

Radionavigation Flashcards

1
Q

What is the formula of the fraquencies

A

f= c/ λ

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2
Q

What are the factors affecting radio waves propagations?

A

Attenuation
Refraction
Fading

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3
Q

What are propagation paths?

A

Space Wave
Surface waves
sky waves

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4
Q

What is the true magnetic bearing

A

The angle to or from any point, measured clockwise from true or magnetic north

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5
Q

How to calculate QDM?

A

QDM = QDR +/- 180°

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6
Q

What is QDM?

A

magnetic bearing from the aircraft to the station

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7
Q

What is QDR?

A

Magnetic bearing of the aircraft fromthe station

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8
Q

What is QTE?

A

true bearing from the station

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9
Q

What is VOR?

A

VHF omnidirectional range

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10
Q

What are the 2 signals transmited by the 2 signals VOR

A

Reference signal
Directional signal
( The two signals are in phase on the radial which marks the direction of Magnetic North from the VOR beacon)

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11
Q

What are the 2 signals transmited by the 2 signals VOR

A

Reference signal
Directional signal
( The two signals are in phase on the radial which marks the direction of Magnetic North from the VOR beacon)

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12
Q

What is the frequency range of a VOR?

A

108 MHz to 117.95 MHz

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13
Q

What are the caracteristics of a VOR

A 
MORSE ( mostly use ) 
Voice transmission ( ATIS )
Less affected by storms than ADF, does not suffer from night effect caused by the reflection of lower frequency signals from the ionosphere.
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14
Q

What is the sum errors of a VOR

A

+/- 5°

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15
Q

On what is display the VOR

A

OBI (Omni bearing indicator)

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16
Q

What is OBS

A

• It enables the pilot :

  • To determine the aircraft’s angular deviation relative tothe selected radial .
  • To determine on which radial the aircraft is positioned.
  • To select a track along which he wishes to fly TOor FROM the VOR beacon.
16
Q

What is OBS

A

• It enables the pilot :

  • To determine the aircraft’s angular deviation relative tothe selected radial .
  • To determine on which radial the aircraft is positioned.
  • To select a track along which he wishes to fly TOor FROM the VOR beacon.
17
Q

What is the scale of the CDI

A

10° or more deviation from selected radial

18
Q

Is the VOR indicated the aircraft orientation?

A

NO, it only indicates the aircraft position

19
Q

What is the maximal range of a VOR

A

200 nm en vol

100 nm en stationnement

20
Q

What is the cone of silence?

A

Zone with no signal over the beacon where CDI oscillate and flag appear

21
Q

What are the factors affecting accuracy

A

1) Site Error
2) Propagation Error
3) Scalloping= Deviation in the received VOR signal.

22
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of an ADF (Automatic Direction Finding)

A

Advantages : Long range navigation

Disadvantages : More affected by atmospheric conditions…

23
Q

What is NDB

A

transmitter ground station (Non Directional Beacon) wich emits a constant signal in every direction (omnidirectional)

24
Q

What is the relative bearing?

A

angle between the aircraft’s longitudinal axis and the direction of the beacon

24
Q

What is the relative bearing?

A

angle between the aircraft’s longitudinal axis and the direction of the beacon

25
Q

What are the factors affecting accuracy of the NDB?

A

1) Precipitation Static
2) Thunderstorms
3) Night effect
4) Station interferences
5) Mountain Effect
6) Coastal refraction

26
Q

What is VDF ( VHF Direction Finding )

A

The ground stations are equipped with-special types of radio
aerial, receiver and processors able to sense the direction of VHF
voice communication signals received from an aeroplane, and are
able to provide the pilot with

27
Q

What are the factors affecting the accuracy of the VDF?

A

1) Site Error
2) Propagation Error
3) Aircraft ‘s Attitude
4) Direct and Ground Reflected Waves

28
Q

What display the DME

A
  • Distance to the beacon
  • Groundspeed
  • Time required to arrive overhead the beacon.
29
Q

What is the PSR

A

RAdio Detection And Ranging.

30
Q

What is the range frequance of the PSR?

A

1-4 Ghz

31
Q

What is the SSR?

A

Secondary Surveillance Radar located inside the aircraft

32
Q

What is the purpose of the SSR

A

receives the interrogation signal and emits its own coded signal which carries additional informations .

33
Q

What is GNSS

A

Global Navigation Satellite System

34
Q

What is LPV

A

Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance

35
Q

What is WAAS?

A

Wide Area Augmentation System

WAAS is intended to enable aircrafts to rely on GPS for all phases of flight, including precision approaches

36
Q

What Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System do we use in Europe?

A

GALILEO

37
Q

What are the SSR disadvantages?

A

1) Garbling
= Interferences caused by overlapping replies from two or more transponders

2) Fruiting (FRUIT = False Replies Unsynchronised In Time).
= Interferences caused by unwanted replies .

3) Ghosting
= Ghost targets which are due to reflections from
obstacles .

4) Shielding
= Occurs when the aircraft’s attitude shields the antenna,
resulting in loss of signals.

PPL (2 decks)

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