Radiology Test Flashcards
Types of Bone Fractures
Greenstick
Transverse
Comminuted
Spiral
Compound
Greenstick
Bone is Partially Fractured/broken
Not fully fractured (some part still in tact)
Transvers
Bone Cut horizontally/transversely in half completely
Comminuted
Shattered bone
Spiral
Bone was broken as it twisted
Compound
Bone was cut & is protruding out of skin
What is the most common way to get a comminuted bone fracture?
Mva - motor vehicle accident
AP lordotic lung
Some cloudiness spread out in lungs
Pneumonia lung
Lots of spots(buildup of phlegm - inflamed) in lungs (alveoli are inflamed)
Tension Pneumothorax
Lungs are giving up
Atelectasis
collapse of lung
What do CT scans do? !!!!
CTs use the same technology as X-rays but produce images in a cross-section.
CT scanner focuses narrow x-ray beam thru patient, x-ray detector & x-ray tube assembly rotates around the patient
this creates CT data sets of human anatomy on a slice-by-slice basis, analogous to “slicing a loaf of bread.”
Diff densities of various structures & organs absorb the x-rays in varying degrees, displayed in 3-D
What can CT scan provide vs X-ray scan? !!!!
CT scans can detect conditions not seen in a conventional X-ray, such as:
Structures in the brain including tumors
Blood clots
Enlarged ventricles
Abnormalities in the nerves or muscles
Abdominal masses
Bone fractures
When did radiology start?
late 1800s
What is Radiology?
a medical specialty that creates & interprets pics of the human body’s organs & body systems to diagnose sickness/injury
In many ways, radiology serves every healthcare sector, including..
emergency medicine, pediatrics, trauma response, infectious disease, orthopedics, dentistry, orthodontics, obstetrics, cancer care(oncology)
X-ray technologies
radiography, CT scanning, DXA scanning, mammography, angiography, interventional medicine
Who discovered tomography?
Dr. Alessandro Vallebona
Who discovered Ultrasound tech?
Although Scottish obstetrician Ian Donald created the first ultrasound in 1958, the technology goes back to Jacques and Pierre Curie in 1877
Who discovered MRI’s ?
Raymond Vahan Damadia
Who discovered CT scans?
Godfrey Hounsfield and Allan Cormack
Who discovered the x-ray
Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen
Ultrasound tech does what?
ultra-high frequency sound waves for medical procedures.
Tomography
use of x-rays to create images.
The creation of x-ray image data sets as slices
MRI
atomic characteristics of magnetism and radio-frequencies of cells & tissue images (atomic level)
does not use radiation
reveals tissues state/ diseases at cellular level
digital (DR) and computed (CR) radiography
DR - flat panel detectors and thin film transistor technology that convert X-rays to electrical charges directly or indirectly
CR - cassette-based phosphor storage plates (PSP) which are then scanned into a digital format by a computerized system for picture processing, archiving, and display.
With both CR and DR, the entire operation is digitized to produce radiographic images
PET
imaging uses radionuclides to reveal metabolic or biochemical activity of tissues & organs
helps find cancer stages
Future of Radiology
AI, magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) for deep tissue imaging, medical imaging informatics
