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Diagnostics > Radiology - Musculoskeletal > Flashcards

Radiology - Musculoskeletal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the indications for extremity radiography?

A
  • Pain
  • Trauma
  • Redness/swelling/infection or inflammation
  • Foreign body
  • Arthritis/degenerative change
  • Post-operative
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2
Q

What are some advantages of Xraying extremities?

A
  • excellent evaluation of bones!
  • Quick and cheap
  • Low radiation
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3
Q

Disadvantages of Xray

A
  • soft tissues seen but hard to evaluate
  • radiation :(
  • challenging in large uncooperative patients
  • requires experience
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4
Q

What color are areas with more radiation?

A

black

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5
Q

What color are areas where radiation is absorbed?

A

white

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6
Q

Which is denser on xray: fat or soft tissue?

A

soft tissue is denser than fat.

Air/lung
Fat
Soft tissue
Bone
Metal
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7
Q

What word describes how many parts a fracture is in?

A

comminution

  • simple
  • comminuted (degree of comminution)
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8
Q

What word describes how far apart opposing bone fractures are?

A

non displaced vs. displaced

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9
Q

What are the pediatric subtypes of fractures?

A
  • Bowing/plastic
  • buckle/torus
  • Greenstick
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10
Q

What is a diaphysis?

A

shaft of a long bone

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11
Q

What is a metaphysis?

A

between diaphysis and epiphysis.

Location of the growth plate

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12
Q

What is a lipohemarthrosis?

A

(results from an intra-articular fracture)

-escape of fat and blood from the bone marrow into the joint,

side note: most frequently seen in the knee, associated with a tibial plateau fracture or distal femoral fracture.

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13
Q

What is a “sunrise” view?

A

Looking down the shaft of the femor to visualize position of patella in femoral trochlea

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14
Q

What does DJD stand for?

A

degenerative joint disease

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15
Q

What fracture is common in a child with a fall on an outstretched arm?

A

supracondylar fracture

*associated with lipohemarthrosis

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16
Q

Adult with fall and elbow pain and limited ROM?

A

impacted radial head and neck fracture (proximal)

*associated with lipohemarthrosis

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17
Q

What produces lipohemarthrosis?

A

intra-articular fracture

18
Q

Fracture of supracondylar humerus is associated with what population?

A

pediatrics

19
Q

What do adults tend to fracture in their elbows?

A

proximal radius (head, neck, or both)

20
Q

Which bone in the wrist has high risk of complication?

A

Scaphoid

21
Q

What are some complications of scaphoid fracture?

A
  • Non-union
  • avascular necrosis of the distal pole
  • Chronic pain
22
Q

What is the appropriate treatment for “anatomic snuff box tenderness”?

A

Orthopedic referral and close follow-up (due to risk of complications)

23
Q

Name the bones of the wrist?

A

Carpal bones:

  • Scaphoid
  • Lunate
  • Triquetrum
  • Pisiform
  • Hamate
  • Capitate
  • Triquetrum
  • Trapezium
24
Q

What is the name for a distal radius fracture (usually mildly impacted)?

A

Colles Fracture

25
Q

What are 3 common features of a Colles fracture?

A
  1. Extra-articular (doesn’t involve joint)
  2. Dorsal angulation
  3. Very common: most often from FOOSH
26
Q

What fracture of the radius has volar angulation?

A

Smith fracture

27
Q

What bone is commonly broken when a fist punches a wall?

A

5th metacarpal.

*Boxer Fracture

28
Q

What is commonly referred to as a “hip” fracture?

A

fracture of the femur

29
Q

What are 4 subtypes of femoral fracture?

A
  1. Subcaptial (just below head)
  2. Transcervical (middle of neck)
  3. Intertrochanteric (base of neck and trochanters)
  4. Subtrochanteric (below trochanters)
30
Q

What is the name for infection of the bone=bone destruction?

A

osteomyelitis

31
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

infection of subcutaneous soft tissues

  • swelling
  • edema
  • can be seen on Xray
32
Q

What do you do if patient has bone infection and the Xray is negative?

A

MRI (can be done with contrast but not necessary)

Bone scan or CT in people who can’t have MRI

33
Q

What blood tests can be helpful in assessing bone infection?

A

ESR (SED rate)
CRP (c-reactive protein)

-can also “probe down to bone” on physical exam

34
Q

For who is MRI contrast contraindicated?

A

patients with renal failure (GFR < 30)

35
Q

What is nephrogenic systemic fibrosis?

A

Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF): a disease of fibrosis of the skin and internal organs caused by gadolinium exposure used in imaging in patients who have renal insufficiency.

36
Q

What is known as “degenerative change” of a joint

A

osteoarthritis

37
Q

What are 4 characteristics of osteoarthritis?

A
  1. Joint space loss
  2. Osteophyte formation
  3. Subchondral sclerosis
  4. Subchondral cyst formation
38
Q

What is the name for pediatric fractures involving the growth plate?

A

Salter-Harris classification

S-traight across
A-bove
L-ower or below ("L" shaped)
T-hrough
ER-asure of growth plate (crushed)
39
Q

Differential Diagnosis for Anything?

A

VITAMIN C,D, E

V-ascular
I-nfection
T-raumatic
A-utoimmune
M-etabolic
I-nflammatory
N-eoplastic

C-ongenital
D-rug-related
E-xposure (toxic)

40
Q

Monteggia

A
  • middle
  • ulnar fracture
  • Radial head dislocation

FOOSH

41
Q

Galeazzi

A
  • distal
  • radial fracture
  • ulnar dislocation

FOOSH

Diagnostics (5 decks)

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