Radiology - Brain and Spine Flashcards
What is the name of the fracture when an axial load is applied (ex. diving head first into pool)
Jefferson Fracture
-C1
What fracture is caused by a axial load and flexion?
Flexion tear drop
severe spinal cord injury
What is a type one odontoid fracture?
tip of dens displaced
rare
What is a type II odontoid fracture?
fracture of base of dens of C2
- unstable
- Most common
What is a type III odontoid fracture?
dens is fractured below the base
What is the name for a bilateral pars interarticularis fracture?
Hangman fracture
MOI: motor vehicle accident or being hanged
hyperextension
What are the 5 views for cervical spine?
- lateral
- AP
- Odontoid (peg)
- Swimmer’s view (lower cervical spine)
- Oblique view (facets, uncovertebral joint, foramina)
What needs to be included in a cervical Xray to have adequate coverage?
Cervicothroacic junction (C7-T1)
Indications for head CT?
- new headache (without history)
- Sudden severe 10/10 “worst headache of my life” “thunderclap”
- Focal neurologic deficit/stroke
- Head trauma
- papilledema on physical exam
- New dementia diagnosis
What is CT not helpful for?
- chronic headache/migraine
- Mental status changes “sundowning”
- Chronic psychiatric diease
- Chronic seizures
- Fall/low force trauma without direct injury to the head
What is tPA use for?
tPA =tissue plasminogen activator is used as a “clot buster”
Why is a CT done in the case of cerebral artery occlusion?
rule out bleed, not confirm stroke
Where are 4 examples of intracranial bleeding?
- Subdural
- Epidural
- Intraparenchymal
- Subarachnoid
What can cause testicular torsion?
- Congenital anomaly that predisposes
- Mass
- Trauma
- Idiopathic
