RADIOLOGY for RESP & CVS Flashcards
What is the system for reading chest radiograph ABCS
A: alignment, adequacy and airways
B: Breathing (lung and pleural spaces), and Bones
C: circulation (heart, great vessels, mediastinim)
D: Diaphragm.
S: Soft tissues, review areas (lines and tubes)
How do you tell between anterior and posterior ribs on an AP Xray
Anterior: Oblique, inferomedial slant from lateral chest wall to sternum
Posterior: Horizontal, inferolateral slant from vertebral column to lateral chest wall
What is the difference between L and R costophrenic angle on lateral film
LCA: inferior and anterior than RCA
Where is the Right ventricle on an AP film
The majority of the heart facing the AP screen- it abutts the diaphragm on the frontal view
What is a good system for identifying features on CXR
- Perip
- ribs
- trachea, carina, lung markings, fissures
- costodiaphragmnative angles
- diaphragm,
What is the silhouette sign and what does it mean
It is the loss of lung/soft tissue interface caused by a mass or fluid in the normally air filled lung.
It can help find the location of pulmonary pathologies because the opacity will obscure the borders with other structures
How do you identify unilobar pneumothorax, what are the other presenting symptoms
pneumothorax lung will be a lot darker because the air is filling this space: the lung has collapsed. There is loss of lung markings. Tension pneumothorax can also compress other tissues, causing heart and other viscera to be displaced to the left because air can get in but not out
some Symptoms is tachycardia, peripheral cyanosis, distended neck veins, breathlessness. Treated by chest drain
What is lung consolidation and what does it look like
Consolidation is when the air inside the lung is replaced by something else. It looks like lung tissue that is more opaque than the rest. Lateral view shows which lobe
What does pleural effusion look like
Fluid is pooling in the pleural space which will go to costodiaphragmatic recess in erect posture. Will look like blunted angle at the recess with meniscus.
What does phrenic nerve palsy look like
Phrenic nerves innervate hemidiaphragm. So if one is contracted while the other is relaxed, the nerve supplying the relaxed one is damaged
What does hiatus hernia look like and what is it
It is herniation of the stomach/ bowel into the thoracic cavity.
It looks like a dark shadow in the heart but this is the gas in the stomach seen behind the heart.
What is wrong with A->P direction view xray
AP view causes artificial magnification of the heart which makes it look like cardiomegaly. Its also looks more white (underpenetrated) Because the heart is closer to the xr source and further from the film, casting a larger shadow
What does Thoracic dissection look present on xr and symptoms. What is it?
Thoracic dissection is when tear in the intima allows blood to form false lumen between intima and media- at risk of rupture.
Appears on XR as deviation of the lower trachea, widening of the mediastinum, and distorted or tortuous outline of aorta.
On angiogram weaker contrast is seen in the false lumen where blood enters slower than true lumen
Presents with chest pain, hypotension
How are thoracic dissections repaired
A series of overlapping stents are placed in the aortic arch to seal the intimal tear non surgically - metal.
What is cardiomegaly and how does it appear on XR
Enlarged heart >50%
of chest diameter (bottom length)
Can be marked cardiomegaly with … ventricular hypertrophy
