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Dental Assisting > Radiology Final > Flashcards

Radiology Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the amount of energy absorbed by tissue?

A

Dose

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2
Q

What is changed in the size of an image cause by incorrect vertical angulation?

A

Distortion

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3
Q

What is the negative electrode in the x-ray tube?

A

Cathode

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4
Q

What is the part of the x-ray unit that contains the x-ray tube, the high voltage and low voltage transformers and insulating oil?

A

Tubehead

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5
Q

What is the positive electrode in the x-ray tube?

A

Anode

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6
Q

What is a focal spot in the anode?

A

Tungsten Target

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7
Q

What is differences in degrees of blackness on an image?

A

Contrast

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8
Q

What is the highest voltage of x-ray tube used during an exposure?

A

Kilovoltage

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9
Q

What is the x-ray at the center of the beam?

A

Central Ray

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10
Q

What is a measure of how well an image reproduces the fine details or outline of an object?

A

Sharpness

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11
Q

Who discovered the x-ray in 1895?

A

Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen

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12
Q

Who is credited with the first practical use of radiographs in dentistry in 1896 and lost his arm to cancer?

A

C. Edmund kells

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13
Q

What is/are the part/parts of an atom?

A

Central Nucleus & Oribiting Electrons

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14
Q

What is the lead-line PID used to?

A

aim the x-ray beam at the film in patient’s mouth

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15
Q

It is okay to let the extension arm stay pulled out after taking an x-ray?

A

No, the weight will make it become loose.

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16
Q

What does the control panel contain?

A

master switch, indicator light, selector buttons, exposure button

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of the x-ray beam?

A

quality, quantity, & intensity

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18
Q

What does radiolucent mean?

A

dark places on images

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19
Q

What does radiopaque mean?

A

white or light gray places on images

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20
Q

The degree of density is controlled by the

A

milliampere seconds (mAs)

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21
Q

What shows the bony and soft tissue areas of the facial profile?

A

Cephalometric film

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22
Q

What is the invisible image on the x-ray film after exposure but before processing?

A

Latent image

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23
Q

What is the specific test used to ensure quality in dental x-ray equipment, supplies, and film processing?

A

Quality control tests

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24
Q

What is the solid white side of the film packet that faces the x-ray tube?

A

Tubeside

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25
Q

What is the film designed for use in film duplicating machines?

A

Duplicating film

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26
Q

What is the instrument used to hold the film phosphor storage plate, or digital sensor in the proper position during exposure?

A

Positioning device

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27
Q

What is the machine that automates all film processing steps?

A

Automatic processor

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28
Q

What is the blemish or unintended radiographic image that is not present in the actual structure?

A

Artifact

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29
Q

What is the part inside an extraoral cassette that converts x-ray energy into visible light, which in turn exposes screen film?

A

?

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30
Q

What is reusable film-sized plates coasted with phosphor as the image receptor?

A

Phosphor storage plates (PSPs)

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31
Q

When digital radiography is discussed it is called?

A

Digital images

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32
Q

Film speed is determined by

A

sensitivity to the emulsion on the film to radiation.

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33
Q

How many feet from the film and working area should a safe light be?

A

4 feet

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34
Q

What are the major legal considerations regarding the use of images in dentistry?

A

federal & state regulations for equipment, licensure for individuals, risk management for potential lawsuits.

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35
Q

What is a solid-state image sensor used in intraoral digital imaging?

A

Charge-coupled device (CCD)

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36
Q

What is an illuminated boxlike device used to view radiographs?

A

View box

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37
Q

What is the process of using electronic transfer of images and other information for consultation and/or insurance purposes in dentistry?

A

Teledentistry

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38
Q

What is film designed for use in cassettes?

A

Extraoral film

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39
Q

What is the process of informing the patient about a procedure, for example the procedure for taking x-rays?

A

Disclosure

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40
Q

What is the radiographic view that shows large areas of the maxilla or mandible?

A

Occlusal

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41
Q

What is the image view that shows the crowns of both arches on one film?

A

Bitewing

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42
Q

What is the plan to ensure that the dental office produces consistent, high-quality images with a minimum of exposure to patients and personnel?

A

Quality assurance (QA)

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43
Q

What is scanning a traditional film-based radiographs into a digital image?

A

Digitized

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44
Q

What is a series of steps that change exposed film into a radiograph. Seps include developing, rinsing, fixing, washing, and drying.

A

Processing

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45
Q

What is accountable or legally responsible?

A

Liable

46
Q

What is the color side of the film that faces the tongue?

A

Label side

47
Q

What assists in the positioning of the position indicator device?

A

Beam alignment device

48
Q

What devices constructed or layered aluminum steps to demonstrate film densities and contrasts?

A

Stepwedge

49
Q

What is a coating on the x-ray film that contains energy-sensitive crystals?

A

Emulsion

50
Q

What radiographic view that shows the crown, root tip, and surrounding structures?

A

Periapical

51
Q

Permission granted by a patient after being informed about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure.

A

Informed consent

52
Q

What is the intraoral device used to position and hold the film, sensor, or PSP?

A

Positioning Instrument

53
Q

What is a common type of phosphor?

A

Calcium tungstate

54
Q

What type of film is designed for placement in the patient’s mouth?

A

Intraoral film

55
Q

What is used in cassettes to provide a wide view of both the upper and lower jaws?

A

Panoramic Film

56
Q

What contains extraoral films during exposure?

A

Cassette

57
Q

What is the sensitivity of the emulsion on the film to radiation?

A

Film Speed

58
Q

The dental record must accurately reflect all aspects of patient care. Documentation of all imaging must include…..

A

Informed consent, # and type of images, rationale for requiring images, diagnostic interpretation

59
Q

Who has the ownership of all radiographs?

A

Dentist?

60
Q

All x-ray equipment must meet the codes required by state, county or city radiation health, the regulations may include….

A

?

61
Q

What is between two adjacent surfaces?

A

Interproximal

62
Q

What is the angle of 90 degrees formed by two lines perpendicular to each other?

A

Right angle

63
Q

What is the alignment of central ray of x-ray beam in horizontal and vertical planes?

A

Angulation

64
Q

What is the coronal portion of alveolar bone found between the teeth?

A

Crestal bone

65
Q

What is referring to images with the proper structures and necessary density, contrast, definition and detail for diagnostic purposes?

A

Diagnostic quality

66
Q

What is intraoral technique of exposing dental images?

A

Bisecting (bisection of the angle) technique

67
Q

What is the area of the mesial or distal surfaces of a tooth that touches adjacent tooth in the same arch?

A

Contact area

68
Q

What is the type of image used for interproximal examination?

A

Bitewing

69
Q

What is the technique of exposing periapical and bitewing images?

A

Paralleling technique

70
Q

What image is used to show the entire tooth from occlusal and surface or incisal edge to about 2 to 3 mm beyond the apex to show the whole bone?

A

Periapical Image

71
Q

When taking anterior films using the paralleling technique what size film and how many films are used on each arch?

A

1 film; eight

72
Q

The American Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology and the American Association of Dental Schools recommend used of the ____ because it provides the most accurate image with the least amount of radiation exposure to the patient?

A

?

73
Q

The paralleling technique is used?

A

extension-cone paralleling, right-angle, or long-cone technique

74
Q

What are the rules to follow when the paralleling technique is used?

A

placement, position, vertical angulation, horizontal angulation, & central ray

75
Q

Witht the paralleling technique how many expsoures are used to take the posterior section for the maxillary and mandibular areas?

A

8 (4+4)

76
Q

Incorrect horizontal angulation results in?

A

overlapped (unopened) contact area

77
Q

What are the basic principles of the bitewing technique?

A

image receptor is placed in the mouth parallel to the crowns of both upper & lower teeth. IR is stabilized when patient bites on tab or film holder. Central ray of beam is directed through the contacts of teeth, using +10 degrees of vertical angulation.

78
Q

Because the curvature of the arch differs in most adult patients a total of ____ bitewing views are exposed?

A

4

79
Q

What guidelines should you follow when treating patients with disabilities?

A

don’t ask personal questions about disability. Do offer assistance, do talk directly to the person w/ disability.

80
Q

What are some of the reasons when you would take exposures on an edentulous patient?

A

Detect retained root tips, impacted teeth, & lesions. Identify objects embedded in bone. Observe the quantity & health of bone.

81
Q

Always remember that the management requires you to be?

A

?

82
Q

A good diagnostic quality endodontic image must have?

A

tooth centered, at least 5 mm of bone is visable beyond the apex of the tooth. Anatomically auccurate as possible.

83
Q

What are some of the guidelines to reduce gag reflex?

A

Never ask, reassure patient, suggest breathing techniques, distract patient, reduce tactile stimuli, consider use of topical anesthetic

84
Q

What is a special device that allows the operator to easily position both film and patient?

A

?

85
Q

What is a filmless method of recording a panoramic image and displaying it by using an electronic sensor and a computer to process and store the image?

A

Digital panoramic units

86
Q

What is the features that allows the operator to adjust the milliamperage and kilovoltage settings.

A

exposure controls

87
Q

What are images taken when large areas of the skull or jaw must be examined?

A

Extraoral images

88
Q

What is an image of the teeth and bones made by placing the film or cassette against the face or the head and projecting the x-rays from the opposite side?

A

Extraoral imaging

89
Q

What is the imaginary three-dimensional horseshoe shaped zone used to focus panoramic radiographs?

A

Focal trough (trof)

90
Q

What is plane that passes through the top of the ear canal and bottom of the eye socket?

A

Frankfort plane

91
Q

What is the use of magnetic resonance to create images of the body?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

92
Q

What is the imaginary line that divides the patient’s face into right and left sides?

A

Midsagittal plane

93
Q

What is the joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible?

A

Temporomandibular

94
Q

What are the types of panoramic machines that may be used?

A

Film-based imaging and direct digital imaging

95
Q

What does the panoramic imaging allow the dentist to view?

A

Entire dentition and related structures

96
Q

What are some of the objects that should be removed from the patient?

A

?

97
Q

What happens if the chin is to hgih in positioning the patient?

A

hard palate & floor of nasal cavity will appear superimposed over roots of max teeth. Detail in max. inc. will be lost. Max. Inc. be blurred and mag. Reverse smile line.

98
Q

What will occur when the chin is too low of tipped downward?

A

Mandib. Inc. be blurred. Detail in ant. apical be lost. Condyles will not be visible. Exaggerated smile line.

99
Q

What are some of the guidelines for exposing panoramic images?

A

Plastic barrier on bite block. Manuf. recommendations. Explain procedure. Place proper lead apron. Ask patient to remove objects, sit or stand straight, place teeth in groove. Mid-sag plane perpendicular to floor. Frankfort plane parallel to floor. Close lips, swallow, tongue on roof of mouth, remain still.

100
Q

What is the solution if the patient’s anterior teeth are not positioned in the groove on the bite-block and are too far forward, or anterior to the focal through, the teeth appear “skinny” and out of focus?

A

Position patient so anterior teeth are placed in an end-to-end position in the groove on the bite block.

101
Q

What is the use of magnetic resonance to create images of the body?

A

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

102
Q

What is the imaginary line that divides the patient’s face into right and left sides?

A

Midsagittal plane

103
Q

What is the joint on each side of the head that allows movement of the mandible?

A

Temporomandibular

104
Q

What are the types of panoramic machines that may be used?

A

Film-based imaging and direct digital imaging

105
Q

What does the panoramic imaging allow the dentist to view?

A

Entire dentition and related structures

106
Q

What are some of the objects that should be removed from the patient?

A

?

107
Q

What happens if the chin is to hgih in positioning the patient?

A

hard palate & floor of nasal cavity will appear superimposed over roots of max teeth. Detail in max. inc. will be lost. Max. Inc. be blurred and mag. Reverse smile line.

108
Q

What will occur when the chin is too low of tipped downward?

A

Mandib. Inc. be blurred. Detail in ant. apical be lost. Condyles will not be visible. Exaggerated smile line.

109
Q

What are some of the guidelines for exposing panoramic images?

A

Plastic barrier on bite block. Manuf. recommendations. Explain procedure. Place proper lead apron. Ask patient to remove objects, sit or stand straight, place teeth in groove. Mid-sag plane perpendicular to floor. Frankfort plane parallel to floor. Close lips, swallow, tongue on roof of mouth, remain still.

110
Q

What is the solution if the patient’s anterior teeth are not positioned in the groove on the bite-block and are too far forward, or anterior to the focal through, the teeth appear “skinny” and out of focus?

A

Position patient so anterior teeth are placed in an end-to-end position in the groove on the bite block.

Dental Assisting (2 decks)

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