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DANB RHS Exam > Radiology Equipment, Film, & Processing (Ch 6-10) > Flashcards

Radiology Equipment, Film, & Processing (Ch 6-10) Flashcards

Ch 6- Dental X-ray Equipment Ch 8- Dental X-ray Image Characteristics Ch 10- Quality Assurance in the Dental Office (chapters 7, 9 are skipped because film is no longer on the RHS exam)

1
Q

What is the beam alignment device and what is its purpose?

A

a device used to align the position-indicating device in relation to tooth and receptor that positions the intraoral receptor in the mouth and retains the receptor in position during exposure; helps stabilize the receptor in the mouth and reduce the chance of movement, thus reducing the patient’s exposure to x-radiation

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2
Q

What is the collimator/collimating device, and what is its purpose?

A

a diaphragm, usually made of lead, used to restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam

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3
Q

What is contrast?

A

how sharply dark and light areas are differentiated on an image; the difference in the degrees of densities between adjacent areas on a dental radiograph

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4
Q

What is high contrast?

A

a term describing an image with many very dark areas and very light areas and few shades of gray

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5
Q

What is long-scale contrast?

A

a term describing an image with many densities, or many shades of gray, resulting from the use of a higher kilovoltage range

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6
Q

What is low contrast?

A

a term describing an image with many shades of gray and few areas of black and white

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7
Q

What is receptor contrast?

A

the characteristics of the receptor that influence radiographic contrast that includes the inherent qualities of the receptor and receptor processing and the qualities of the sensor

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8
Q

What is the scale of contrast?

A

the range of useful densities seen on a dental image

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9
Q

What is short-scale contrast?

A

a term describing an image with only two densities resulting from the use of a lower kilovoltage range

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10
Q

What is subject contrast?

A

the characteristics of the subject that influence radiographic contrast, including thickness, density, and composition of the subject

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11
Q

What are the control devices?

A

the components of the control panel of the x-ray machine that regulate the x-ray beam, including the timer, kilovoltage an milliamperage selectors

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12
Q

What is the control panel?

A

a part of the x-ray machine that contains an on/off switch, an indicator light, and exposure button and control devices to regulate the x-ray beam

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13
Q

What is density?

A

the overall darkness of an image

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14
Q

What is object-receptor distance?

A

one of the influencing factors of image magnification that refers to the distance between the object being radiographed and the receptor

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15
Q

What is target-receptor distance?

A

one of the influencing factors of image magnification that refers to the distance between the source of x-rays and the receptor

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16
Q

What is distortion, and what is it influenced by?

A

a geometric characteristic that refers to a variation in the true size and shape of the object being radiographed; influenced by object-receptor alignment and x-ray beam angulation

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17
Q

What is the exposure button and what is its purpose?

A

a component of the dental x-ray machine control panel that activates the dental x-ray machine to produce x-rays

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18
Q

What are exposure factors?

A

factors that influence the density of a radiograph (milliamperage, kilovoltage, exposure time)

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19
Q

What is the exposure light, and what is its purpose?

A

a component of the dental x-ray machine control panel that provides a visible signal when x-rays are produced

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20
Q

What is exposure time?

A

the interval during which x-rays are produced

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21
Q

What is the extension arm, and what is its purpose?

A

a part of the dental x-ray machine that suspends the x-ray tubehead and houses the electrical wires that extend from the control panel to the tubehead

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22
Q

What is the focal spot?

A

the tungsten target of the anode that converts bombarding electrons into x-ray photons by concentrating the electrons and creating an enormous amount of heat

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23
Q

What is the indicator light, and what is its purpose?

A

a component of the dental x-ray machine control panel that, when illuminated, indicates that the dental x-ray machine is turned on

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24
Q

What is magnification, and what is it influenced by?

A

a geometric characteristic that refers to a radiographic image that appears larger than the actual size of the object it represents; influenced by target-film distance and object-receptor distance

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25
Q

What is penumbra?

A

the fuzzy, unclear area that surrounds a radiographic image

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26
Q

What is quality administration?

A

the management of the quality assurance plan in the dental office

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27
Q

What is quality assurance?

A

special procedures used to ensure the production of high-quality, diagnostic radiographs

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28
Q

What are quality control tests?

A

specific tests designed to maintain and monitor dental x-ray equipment, supplies and processing

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29
Q

What is a diagnostic radiograph?

A

a radiograph that provides much information with images that have proper density and contrast, have sharp outlines, and are of the same shape and size as the object being radiographed

30
Q

What is radiolucent?

A

the portion of an image that is dark or black due to the structure readily permitting the passage of the x-ray beam to allow more x-rays to reach the receptor

31
Q

What is radiopaque?

A

the portion of an image that is light or white due to the structure resisting the passage of the x-ray beam and limiting the amount of x-rays that reach the receptor

32
Q

What is sharpness, and what is it influenced by?

A

refers to the capability of the receptor to reproduce the distinct outlines of an object; influenced by focal spot size and movement

33
Q

What is a stepwedge, and what is its purpose?

A

a device constructed of uniform-layered thickness of an x-ray absorbing material (usually aluminum) to absorb varying amounts of x-rays and are used to demonstrate film densities and contrast scales

34
Q

What is subject thickness?

A

the thickness of soft tissue and bone in a patient

35
Q

What is the tubehead, and what does it contain?

A

the tightly sealed metal housing that contains the dental x-ray tube; includes the metal housing, insulating oil, tubehead seal, x-ray tube, transformers, aluminum discs, lead collimator, and position-indicating device; also contains a filament used to produce electrons and a target used to produce x-rays

36
Q

What is the difference between the federal laws and the state/local laws for x-ray equipment?

A

-federal laws dictate the manufacturing and installation of x-ray equipment
-state/local laws dictate how x-ray equipment is used and codes that pertain to the use of x-radiation (state/local laws may also require equipment inspections)

37
Q

What settings are regulated by the control devices?

A

-exposure time
-kilovoltage peak (kVp)
-milliamperage (mA)

38
Q

What are the visual image characteristics and the geometric image characteristics of dental x-ray images?

A

visual = density contrast
geometric = sharpness, magnification, distortion

39
Q

What are the two terms that describe the black and white areas on a radiograph?

A

-radiolucent
-radiopaque

40
Q

A structure will appear ____ if it lacks density and permits the passage of the x-ray beam with little or no resistance?

A

radiolucent

41
Q

A structure will appear ___ if it resists the passage of the x-ray beam?

A

radiopaque

42
Q

What three exposure factors influence density?

A

-milliamperage (mA)
-kilovoltage peak (kVp)
-exposure time

43
Q

What is the resulting density if millamperage settings are increased?

A

increased density

44
Q

What is the resulting density if the milliamperage settings are decreased?

A

decreased density

45
Q

What is the resulting density if the kilovoltage peak settings are increased?

A

increased density

46
Q

What is the resulting density if the kilovoltage peak settings are decreased?

A

decreased density

47
Q

What is the resulting density if the exposure time settings are increased?

A

increased density

48
Q

What is the resulting density if the exposure time settings are decreased?

A

decreased density

49
Q

What type of contrast is ideal for a diagnostic x-ray?

A

the overall contrast should be both low and high

50
Q

What is the resulting subject contrast if the kilovoltage peak settings are increased?

A

low subject contrast

51
Q

What is the resulting subject contrast if the kilovoltage peak settings are decreased?

A

high subject contrast

52
Q

What is the one exposure factor that has a direct influence on contrast?

A

kilovoltage peak

53
Q

If an image has high contrast, what is the scale of contrast?

A

short-scale contrast

54
Q

If an image has low contrast, what is the scale of contrast?

A

high-scale contrast

55
Q

What is the term that refers to how well the smallest details of an object are reproduced on a radiograph?

A

sharpness

56
Q

What are the two factors that influence the sharpness of an image?

A

-focal spot size
-movement

57
Q

Does a small focal spot produce a sharper or less sharp image?

A

sharper

58
Q

Does a large focal spot produce a sharper or less sharp image?

A

less sharp

59
Q

What are the two factors that influence magnification on a dental radiograph?

A

-target-receptor distance
-object-receptor distance

60
Q

What part of the x-ray equipment determines the target-receptor distance?

A

the position indicating device

61
Q

What is the result of magnification with a longer target-receptor distance?

A

increased magnification

62
Q

What is the result of magnification with a shorter target-receptor distance?

A

decreased magnification

63
Q

What is the result of magnification with a longer object-receptor distance?

A

increased magnification

64
Q

What is the result of magnification with a shorter object-receptor distance?

A

decreased magnification

65
Q

What are the two factors that influence the distortion of a dental radiograph?

A

-object-receptor alignment
-x-ray beam angulation

66
Q

In order to minimize distortion, how should the object and the receptor be placed in relation to each other?

A

parallel to each other

67
Q

In order to minimize distortion, how should the x-ray beam be directed in relation to the receptor?

A

perpendicular to each other

68
Q

Who is ultimately responsible for the quality assurance plan in a dental office?

A

the dentist

69
Q

List what should be checked during quality assurance procedures for digital imaging equipment.

A

-erasure cycle efficiency
-image retention
-sensitivity
-uniformity
-scaling errors
-blurring artifacts
-resolution

70
Q

List what elements should be included in a quality administration program.

A

-description of the plan
-assignment of duties
-monitoring schedule
-maintenance schedule
-record-keeping log
-plan for evaluation and revision
-in-service training

71
Q

Should operator errors that result in a retake of a dental radiograph be recorded?

A

yes

DANB RHS Exam (9 decks)

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