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Clin Med I > Radiology Block Test > Flashcards

Radiology Block Test Flashcards

1
Q

fracture which goes at an angle to the axis

A

oblique

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2
Q

a fracture of many relatively small fragments

A

comminuted

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3
Q

a fracture which runs around the axis of a bone

A

spiral

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4
Q

a fracture which breaks the skin

A

open

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5
Q

greenstick fracture

A
  • common in children

- a fracture accompanied by a sort of bend in the bone

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6
Q

avulsion fracture

A

fracture caused by pulling from a ligament or tendon

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7
Q

pathologic fracture

A

fracture in bone that is abnormal due to a tumor or metabolic disorder

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8
Q

fractures that involve a growth plate

A

Salter-Harris fractures

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9
Q

Salter-Harris, grade I fracture

A

fracture of just the growth plate

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10
Q

fracture of the metaphysis and growth plate, sparing the epiphysis

A

Salter-Harris, grade II fracture

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11
Q

Salter-Harris, grade III fracture

A

fracture through the growth plate and epiphysis, sparing the metaphysis

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12
Q

Salter-Harris, grade IV fracture

A

fracture through all three elements of bone: metaphysis, growth plate (physis), and epiphysis

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13
Q

compression fracture of the growth plate

A

Salter-Harris, grade V fracture

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14
Q

most common sites of spinal fractures

A

C1-C2
C5-C7
T9-L2

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15
Q

Jefferson’s fracture

A
  • burst fracture of the ring of C1

- due to axial loading (diving into pool)

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16
Q

odontoid fracture cause

A

caused by subluxation of C1 and C2

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17
Q

Hangman’s fracture

A
  • fx of the posterior elements of C2
  • hyperextension fracture
  • involves subluxation of C2 over C3
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18
Q

Clay shoveler’s fracture

A
  • fx of the spinous processes of C6, C7, T1, or T2

- hyperflexion injury

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19
Q

fracture of the pars interarticularis

A

spondylolysis

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20
Q

spondylolithesis

A

fracture of the pars interarticularis with subluxation of the vertebrae

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21
Q

deformity of the humeral head caused by multiple dislocations

A

hill-sachs deformity

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22
Q

most common fracture of the elbow

A

radial head fx

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23
Q

nightstick fx

A

fx of the midpoint of the ulna

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24
Q

fx of the proximal ulna with dislocation of the radial head

A

Monteggia fx

25
Q

fx of the distal radius with dislocation of the ulnar head from the wrist

A

Galeazzi fx

26
Q

Colles’ fracture

A
  • Most common fx of the wrist
  • Fracture of the distal radius with dorsal angulation of the distal fragment (the distal fragment is the entire hand)
  • Also includes a fracture of the ulnar styloid
  • Mechanism of injury (MOI) is falling on an outstretched hand (FOOSH)
27
Q

Smith fracture

A

-fx of the distal radius and ulnar styloid with volar (palmer) angulation of the hand

28
Q

Torus (buckle) fracture

A
  • compression fracture of the radius

- usually in childre

29
Q

Most common of the carpal fractures

A

scaphoid fracture

30
Q

Boxer’s fracture

A
  • fracture of the 5th metacarpal

- often with angulation towards the palmer surface

31
Q

Bennett fracture

A

-fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal

32
Q

Rolando fracture

A

-fracture of the base of the 1st metacarpal (like the Bennett fracture), but with more fragments

33
Q

Gamekeeper’s fracture

A
  • avulsion fracture of the thumb

- MOI: hyperextension of the thumb (like in skiing)

34
Q

Avulsion fracture of the base of the palmer surface of the middle phalanx

A

Volar plate fracture

35
Q

Sign involving increased joint space in the acetabulum

A
  • crescent sign

- seen in avascular necrosis of the femoral head

36
Q

x-ray view showing the relationship of patella to the anterior femur

A

Sunrise or Merchant view

37
Q

x-ray view of the knee that best shows the patella and joint effusions

A

lateral view with partial flexion

38
Q

Tunnel view

A

x-ray view of the knee showing the tibial spines and the femoral condyles

39
Q

calcification of the articular cartilage

A

chondrocalcinosis

40
Q

trimalleolar fracture

A

fracture of both malleoli with dislocation of the tibia

41
Q

fracture of the base of the 5th metatarsal

A

Jones’ fracture

42
Q

stress fx of the 5th metatarsal occurs where?

A

occurs in the distal portion of the base

43
Q

fx of the most proximal portion of the base of the 5th metatarsal

A

Avulsion fx

44
Q

Lisfranc fx

A

fx of 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th MT with lateral dislocation

45
Q

stress fracture of 2nd, 3rd, or 4th MT

A

March fx

46
Q

most common benign tumor of the lung

A

harmartoma

47
Q

most common type of lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma

48
Q

pericardial effusions must be greater than ______ to see on CXR

A

250mL

49
Q

largest complain of pulmonary embolism

A

chest pain and shortness of breath

50
Q

Hampton’s Hump

A
  • wedge-shaped pleural infiltrate

- sign of pulmonary embolism

51
Q

Westermark’s sign

A
  • dilation of the pulmonary arteries proximal to the embolism, and an abrupt collapse of the arteries distal to it
  • sign of pulmonary embolism
52
Q

magnification

A

objects closer to the Xray beam appear larger

53
Q

Distortion

A

occurs when an object is not perpendicular to Xray machine

54
Q

What are the 5 factors that affect the quality of an image?

A
  1. Thickness
  2. Motion
  3. Scatter
  4. Magnification
  5. Distortion
55
Q

Fluoroscopy

A

X- ray tube and fluorescent screen

  • this is used for real time motion (heart, diaphragm, abdomen)
  • also used for guided placement of objects during procedures
56
Q

Tomography

A

XRAY tube and film more synchronously around a focal point. Images are in slices

57
Q

Which test would you use for lungs, kidney, and bony structures?

A

Tomography

58
Q

PET scan

A

Positron Emission Tomography

59
Q

What is a PET scan used for?

A

for increased cellular activity indicating cancer.

Clin Med I (4 decks)

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