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Clin Med I > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Source of bleed causing melena

A

Upper GI

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2
Q

Source of bleed causing hematochezia

A

Lower GI

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3
Q

Rupture of the esophagus from repeating vomiting/retching

A

Boerhaave’s syndrome

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4
Q

Boerhaave’s syndrome

A

Rupture of the esophagus; life-threatening

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5
Q

Acute gastroparesis tx

A

Erythromycin

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6
Q

Chronic gastroparesis tx

A

Metoclopramide

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7
Q

2 MC sites of volvulus

A
  • Cecum

- Sigmoid colon

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8
Q

“Currant jelly” stools and a sausage-like abdominal mass are associated with?

A

Intussesception

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9
Q

90% of Hirschsprung disease occurs in the…?

A

Rectosigmoid area

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10
Q

Adenocarcinoma of the small intestine MC occurs where?

A
  • Duodenum
  • Proximal jejunum
  • Actual MC site is the Ampulla of Vater
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11
Q

Carcinoid syndrome consists of…?

A
  • Flushing
  • Diarrhea
  • Hypotension
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12
Q

95% of Diverticulosis occurs where?

A

Sigmoid colon

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13
Q

Almost all CR cancers are what type?

A

Adenocarcinomas

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14
Q

MC locations of CR cancers

A
  • 50% rectosigmoid region

- 25% cecum/ascending colon

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15
Q

CR cancer has a peak incidence at what age?

A

65 yo

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16
Q

Is Crohn’s disease patchy or continuous?

A

Patchy

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17
Q

Is Crohn’s disease transmural or superficial?

A

Transmural

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18
Q

MC locations of Crohn’s

A
  • 40-50% in ileocecal region

- 30-40% in small bowel

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19
Q

Is UC patchy or continuous?

A

Continuous

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20
Q

Hallmark of ulcerative colitis

A

Bloody diarrhea with mucus

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21
Q

Caput medusa

A
  • Superficial enlargement of umbilical veins

- Pathognomonic of portal hypertension

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22
Q
  • Superficial enlargement of umbilical veins

- Pathognomonic of portal hypertension

A

Caput medusa

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23
Q

Significant labs in fatty liver disease

A
  • AST&raquo_space; ALT

- Really high TG

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24
Q

Excessive iron loading in the tissues due to a primary genetic defect

A

Hereditary hemochromatosis

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25
Q

Rare, autosomal recessive disorder characterized by excessive amounts of copper in the brain, liver, kidneys, and cornea

A

Wilson’s disease

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26
Q

Kayser-Fleischer rings in the eyes are associated with what?

A

Wilson’s disease

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27
Q

Wilson’s disease is caused by low levels of what?

A

Ceruloplasmin

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28
Q

Where are the stones in Cholelithiasis?

A

Gallbladder body

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29
Q

Where are the stones in Cholecystitis?

A

Cystic duct

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30
Q

Where are the stones in choledocholithiasis?

A

Common bile duct

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31
Q

Where would stones be that might cause pancreatitis?

A

Ampulla of Vater

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32
Q

Charcot’s triad consists of what and is associated with what?

A
  • RUQ pain
  • Jaundice
  • Fever with chills
  • -> Acute Cholangitis
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33
Q

RUQ pain, jaundice, fever with chills

A

Charcot’s triad

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34
Q

Gold standard to diagnose acute pancreatitis

A

CT abdomen

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35
Q

Prognosticator of acute pancreatitis mortality

A

Ranson’s criteria

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36
Q

Cullen sign

A

Blue umbilical region

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37
Q

Turner’s sign

A

Green/brown flanks

38
Q

Common cause of “backpacker’s” diarrhea

A
  • Cambylobacter

- Giardiasis

39
Q

Common source of cambylobacter

A

Chickens

40
Q

Gram (-) flagella

A

Cambylobacter

41
Q

Gram (-) organism causing bile-colored diarrhea

A

Cambylobacter

42
Q

Leading cause of food poisoning

A

Salmonella

43
Q

Common sources of salmonella

A

Turkey, Duck, Chicken (TURKDUCKEN)

44
Q

Watery diarrhea, occasionally with mucus and blood

A

Salmonella

45
Q

Multiple, small volume, bloody, mucoid stools

A

Shigella

46
Q

Moderate to severe diarrhea with 10-12 stools per day

A

E. coli 0157:H7

47
Q

E. coli 0157:H7 tx

A

NO ANTIBIOTICS

48
Q

Explosive stools with violent, repeated vomiting/retching

A

Staph aureus toxin

49
Q

Major cause of traveler’s diarrhea

A

Enterotoxic E. coli

50
Q

Virus responsible for gastroenteritis in most daycares

A

Rotavirus

51
Q

Virus responsible for gastroenteritis in cruise ships

A

Norwalk virus

52
Q

Get this from “pristine mountain streams”

A

Giardiasis

53
Q
  • Explosive, loose stools
  • Flatulence
  • Audible borborygmi
A

Giardiasis

54
Q

Giardiasis tx

A

Metronidazole

55
Q

Hernia lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Direct inguinal hernia

56
Q

Hernia passes through the inguinal ring

A

Indirect

57
Q

Fat-soluble vitamins

A

A, D, E, K

58
Q

Drug that interferes with regeneration of vitamin K in the liver

A

Coumadin

59
Q

Drug accelerates metabolism of vitamin B6

A

Isoniazid

60
Q

Drug that reduces intestinal vitamin K synthesis

A

Penicillins

61
Q

Drugs that cause impaired vitamin D metabolism

A

Phenytoin or Phenobarbitol

62
Q

Drugs that affect folate metabolism

A

Sulfa

63
Q

Major circulating form of D3

A

Calcidiol

64
Q

Most potent physiological active form of D3

A

Calcitriol

65
Q

Vitamin D is responsible for regulation of what other….things?

A

Calcium and phosphorus

66
Q

Antioxidant in the lipid phase of cell membranes

A

Vitamin E

67
Q

Function of Vitamin E

A

Antioxidant in the lipid phase of cell membranes

68
Q

Factors that are dependent of vitamin K

A

2, 7, 9, 10, protein C and protein S

69
Q

Vitamin B1 function

A

Plays a role in nerve conduction

70
Q

Vitamin that plays a role in nerve conduction

A

Vitamin B1

71
Q

Beriberi

A

Lack of Vitamin B1

72
Q

Wet beriberi affects what system in the body?

A

CV system

73
Q

Wernicke’s encephalopathy and Korsakoff’s psychosis are caused by what?

A

B1 deficiency

74
Q

Amnesia and impaired learning caused by Vitamin B1 deficiency

A

Korsakoff’s psychosis

75
Q

Role of vitamin B2

A

Essential for the conversion of Vitamin B6 to it’s active form (Riboflavin B2)

76
Q

Function of biotin

A

Energy production

77
Q

Function of Niacin

A

Energy production

78
Q

Responsible for energy production

A

Biotin and Niacin

79
Q

Pellagra

A
  • Dermatitis, Diarrhea, Dementia

- Deficiency of Niacin

80
Q

What kind of anemia can result from B6 deficiency?

A

Sideroblastic anemia

81
Q

Function of vitamin C

A
  • Collagen synthesis
  • Carnitine biosynthesis (breaks down fats)
  • Regenerates vitamin E
82
Q

What’s responsible for regeneration of vitamin E?

A

Vit C

83
Q

Why do we not worry about pantothenic acid deficiency?

A

It’s wide-spread in foods

84
Q

Vit B9 is AKA ?

A

Folate

85
Q

B9 works with B12 to form what?

A

Hgb

86
Q

Folate deficiency causes?

A

Megaloblastic anemia

87
Q

Absorption of B12 requires what?

A

intrinsic factor

88
Q

B12 deficiency causes what?

A

Megaloblastic anemia and neuropathy

89
Q

Creatinine is an energy molecule - no question

A

…..??

90
Q

Role of CLA

A

Reduces fat by 3g/day

91
Q

Obese BMI

A

> 30

92
Q

“Mousy” urine odor associated with?

A

PKU

Clin Med I (4 decks)

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