Radiology and Sleep

Question 1

what are indications for an angiography

Answer 1

• Ix of spontaneous SAH
• suspected aneurysm/AVM
• carotid stenosis

Question 2

what are the two most common causes of a spontaneous SAH

Answer 2

ruptured aneursym

bleed from AVM

Question 3

what are saccular aneurysms and where do they arise at

Answer 3

true aneurysms involving all layers of the vessel

arise at arterial bifurcation points

Question 4

Imaging SAH

- first line

Answer 4

CT scan followed by LP

Question 5

why is a LP needed as well as a CT scan to rule out SAH

Answer 5

false negative rate of around 5% in CT scans

Question 6

what is the gold standard for determining the cause of haemorrhage/planning treatment

Answer 6

Digital Subtraction Angiography

Question 7

what are parasomnias

Answer 7

sleep disorders that involve abnormal movements, behaviors, emotions, perceptions, and dreams that occur while falling asleep, sleeping, between sleep stages, or during arousal from sleep

Question 8

what are the 2 forms of parasomnias

Answer 8

Non-REM

REM

Question 9

what are features of a Non-REM parasomnia

Answer 9

confusional arousals
sleep walking
sleep terrors and paralysis
Bruxism (teeth grinding)
restless legs

Question 10

what does non-REM parasomnia tend to be in response to

Answer 10

dreams

Question 11

when are the 2 peaks of onset of narcolepsy

Answer 11

age 15 and 36

Question 12

what characterised narcolepsy

Answer 12

daytime sleepiness
cataplexy (loss of muscle tone triggered by emotions)
hypnagogic hallucinations
sleep paralysis 
REM behaviour bisorder

Question 13

what is Ix for narcolepsy

Answer 13

Overnight polysomnopraphy

Multiple sleep latency test; 4 25 mins naps scheduled, if they fall asleep within 10 mins and go into REM sleep this is diagnostic.

Question 14

what are the 2 types of insomnia

Answer 14

reactive (to stress)

psychophysiological