Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Diagostics > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

Dose of radiation to the extremity comparied to background radiation?

A

1.5 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Dose of radiation to the PA chest comparied to background radiation?

A

3 days

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dose of radiation to the lumbar spine comparied to background radiation?

A

14 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Dose of radiation to the hip comparied to background radiation?

A

2 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Dose of radiation to the abdomen comparied to background radiation?

A

9 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Dose of radiation to the barium swallow comparied to background radiation?

A

1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dose of radiation to the abdomal CT comparied to background radiation?

A

4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Effects od radiation

A

low dose but cumulative over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the 5 basic densities?

A
  1. AIr
  2. Fat
  3. Soft tissue
  4. Soft tissue/ fluid
  5. calcium
  6. metal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

pros and cons of using conventional radiology?

A

Advantages

  • inexpensive
  • most commonly used immaging
  • can be obtained almost everywher

Disadvantages

  • Using ionizing radiation
  • Limited to 5 basic densities
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the PACS system? what can it store?

A

Picture archiving comunication storage

  1. conventional radiology
  2. CT scan
  3. MRI
  4. Ultrasound
  5. Fluroscopy
  6. Nuclear Medicine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the safest distance to be when taking an X-Ray?

A

Safest distance 90 degree angle to the incident beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

X-Rays are the study of choice for what?

A

Skeletal trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

X-ray lateral is______

Decubitis is _______

A

lateral is 90 degrees to the AP or PA

Decubitus is recumbent to a horizontal beam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

X-Ray Lateral Decubitis is to see

A

air fluid levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an oblique view?

A

Halfway between AP/PA and lateral view

Extermities projection involoves 3 views

Used for hip fracture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

WHat are some factors to consider when ordering an X-Ray?

A
  1. Possible pregnancy
  2. Can the patient stand on their own
  3. How dificult is the exam being ordered
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Difference between PA and AP view?

A

heart looks bigger on AP view

Portable chest X-Rays are AP view heart will look bigger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How many views should you get for X-Ray?

A

Get two views and oblique if you are able

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

For an ankle fracture what test should you order?

A

Order ankle series not tib/fib

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Can you tell the diffference between msucle and blood on an X-Ray?

A

no you cant blood and muscle will look the same

soft tissue and fluid are the same density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Well penetrated vs underpenetrated vs over penetrated?

A

well penetrated- film with varying degrees of radiatical densities and clear radiologic interfaces

Under-penetrated- without good range of radiological densities and blurring of interfaces

Over-penetrated- without a good range of radioloical densities and ansence of inerfacea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

When reading an X-Ray what is the most important thing to look for?

A

History and Physical exam

most important in musculoskeletal evaluation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

ABCs of Xrays?

A

A- adequacy and alignment

B-bones

C catilage- joint spaces and defects

S- soft tissues- swelling? effusion?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Magnification
* all images on the radiograph are larger than the object they represent * for most radigraphs taken at SID of 100cm or 40" the magnifcantion is 1:1 * for most radiographs taken at 180 cm or 72" the magnification is 1.05
26
Body Habitus
Objects at differnet levels are projected onto the images as sizes WHY HEART LOOKS BIGGER ON AP NOT PA
27
what are CT?
Uses rapidly spinnng arrays of X-Ray sources and detectors. Increases sensitivity of findings visible Can Identify cross-sectional imaging
28
When is it better to use a CT then X-Ray?
Use CT - visualizing articular fracture extention - asses for presence of articular step off/gap - evualting aortic injuries in the chest trama **IMAGE STUDY OF CHOICE FOR ABDOMINAL TRAUMA**
29
MRI
produces images based on energy derived from hydrogen atoms Atoms palces in very strong magnetic field and subjected to RF pulsing MRI UNITS * expensive * requires site construction * have high operating costs * **_but NO ionizing radiation_**
30
when is it best to use MRIs?
Soft tissue evaluation (tendons, muscles, ligaments) Identifying **occult fractures** Best for **disc herniations, imternal derangement of joints ACL tear**
31
Ultrasound
Porduces images using the acoustic properties of tissue **NO ionzing radation** **Safe in children and pregnant women**
32
When is it best to use ultrasounds?
**Soft tissue and blow flow evaluation** less epensive then MRI or CT and can be portable **Study of choice for bedside procedures** **achilles tendon rupture** **quad tenson rupture** **foreign bodies in soft tissue**
33
FAST exam
Focused Abdominal Sonogram for Trauma (FAST) ## Footnote **POC ultrasound exam for trauma patients** **used to identify free pertoneal fluid**
34
Fluoroscopy
utilizes **_ioizing HIGH radiation_** to priduce real time visualization of the body * evualuation of motion of joints * visualization of contrast agents for GI or GU studies * Eval of racturs for reduction and placement of percutaneous pins or other hardware **Patient should be shielded for the parts that are not involved iin the surgery**
35
Nuclear Medication
Utilizing radioisotopes that have been given a property to target the organ under study unlike ionizing radiation, **patient is source of the radiation** **Commonly used** Metastases Occult/ stress fractures Insufficiency fractures **80% of scans are positive within 24 hours of injury and 95% of scans are positive within 72 hours**
36
Why order imageing studies?
**Traumatic** to skeletalmuscular system Overuse/ sports injuries- older people staying active longer **(more arthritis)** and youth sports more specialized **(chronic injuries)** **Arthritis affects 10% of men and 18% of women over 60 years old _examine knees_**
37
which studies to order?
Generally start with simplest and least expensive
38
suggested X-Rays of AC joint
AP with and without weight
39
suggested X-Rays of chest
PA, lateral (full inspiration)
40
suggested X-Rays of clavicle?
AP, Axial (20 degree cephalad)
41
suggested X-Rays of humerus?
AP, Lateral
42
suggested X-Rays of ribs?
AP, obliques (bilateral) Upper- inspiration Lower- Expiration
43
suggested X-Rays of SC joint?
AP, Oblique (bilateral)
44
suggested X-Rays of shoulder?
AP, Grashey, Y-scapular view
45
which kind of X-ray views do you use in shoulder dislocation?
AP, Y- Scapular, Axillary
46
suggested X-Rays of elbow?
AP, lateral, external oblique
47
suggested X-Rays of the fingers?
AP, Lateral **of affected finger**, Oblique **of the hand**
48
suggested X-Rays of the hand?
AP, Lateral, Oblique
49
suggested X-Rays of thumb?
AP, lateral, Oblique
50
suggested X-Rays of the wrist?
AP, Lateral, Oblique
51
When taking a elbow lateral view what common problem can you see?
Anterior fat pad- occult fracture of the radius
52
suggested X-Rays of hip?
AP Pelvis, Frog Leg lateral, lateral affected hip
53
suggested X-Rays of femur?
AP, Lateral
54
suggested X-Rays of foot?
AP, Oblique, Lateral
55
suggested X-Rays of knee? Under 40 Over 40
Under 40- AP, Lateral, Tunnel, Sunrise Over- Bilat PA weight bearing (30 degree PA flexed view), bilat tunnel (from trauma ACL best view), lateral of affected knee
56
suggested X-Rays of tib/fib?
AP, Lateral
57
suggested X-Rays of ankle?
AP, Mortise, Lateral
58
suggested X-Rays of heal?
axial, lateral calcaneus
59
When to use a frog leg lateral X-Ray?
Kid with knee pain knee pain without trauma
60
Positioning for pelvic inlet?
the central ray is directed 40-60 degree caudal at the level of the anterior superior iliac spine
61
What is a tunnel knee used for?
tramatic knee pain
62
Knee Merchant View
also called sunrise view see between patella and femor (knee pain when exercising) runners knee Lines should be parallel between the platella and femur
63
When do youorder a knee PA flexed view?
Arthritis- max stress in knee joint occurs between 30-60 degree flexion weight bearing view useful in assessment of knees with early degenerative change

Diagostics (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions