Radiology Flashcards
Name the lobes in both sides of the lung
Left: superior and inferior separated by the oblique fissure. Also lingular lobe part of superior.
Right: Superior, middle and inferior. Superior and middle separated by horizontal fissure, middle and inferior separated by oblique fissure.
Name the divisions of airways from trachea
Trachea, left and right main bronchus, lobar bronchus, segmental bronchus, terminal bronchus, respiratory bronchus, alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveoli.
Describe the pulmonary blood supply
Pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. They exit the pulmonary trunk and the left and right travel with airways to eventually form capillary network around the alveoli. Low pressure system, 15-25mmHg.
Pulmonary veins begin as pulmonary capillaries and unite to form larger vessels found in the parenchyma of the lungs. Each lung has two main pulmonary veins exiting them entering the left atrium of the heart, low pressure 0-5mmHg
Describe the systemic circuit respiratory blood supply
The bronchial arteries supply the airways and connective tissue of the lungs. These arteries run within the walls of the airways and run at systemic circulation pressures- 80-120mmHg. The bronchial veins drain to the azygous system and some to the pulmonary vein causing a degree of desaturation. Pressure of 50-60mmHg.
Describe lymphatics of the lung
Subpleural and deep plexuses.
Subpleural drains surface lymph, lies deep to visceral pleura and drains to bronchopulmonary lymph nodes and then inferior tracheobronchial (carinal) nodes.
Deep drain to pulmonary lymph nodes the carinal nodes.
Describe the mediastinum and the structures it holds
Central cavity of the thorax
Surrounded by connective tissue
Holds: heart and it’s vessels, oesophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, phrenic nerve and cardiac nerves, thymus, lymph nodes of the central chest.
Describe the five shades of black/white in a CXR and what they represent
Black- air Dark grey- Fat Light grey- Soft tissue Off white- Bone White- Metal
Name the two common direction of CXR and what is typically better and why
Antereoposterior (AP) and Postereoanterior (PA). PA usually better as Xray plate on anterior surface of patient meaning you get a truer representation of the size of the anterior structures such as those in the mediastinum
What are the four locations where an abnormality can show on CXR
Lungs, mediastinum, pleura or chest wall
How to determine an extrapulmonary vs. pulmonary lesion
Intrapulmonary at acute angles with lung, fuzzy borders.
Extrapulmonary at obtuse angles with lung sharp borders
Common lung abnormalities
Pneumonia, pulmonary emboli, cardiac failure, lung cancer, trauma, chronic diffuse lung disease
Name the ways to describe a lung abnormality.
Acute/chronic/sub acute (refers to CXR hx and pt hx)
Focal/non-focal/ diffuse (refers to CXR appearance
Alveolar/ interstitial/ consolodation (appearance)
Name common acute conditions
Pneumonia, congestive heart failure, pulmonary haemorrhage, pulmonary emboli
Name common chronic conditions
Chronic diffuse lung disease- over 200… emphysema, fibrotic lung disease, malignancy.
Name focal conditions
Most common due to an infection or tumour- pt hx will help diagnosis
