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Patho Final Exam > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

benefits:
low radiation
inexpensive
fast

A

radiograph

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2
Q

difference b/w CT scan and radiograph

A

CT is 360 degrees but they both use x-ray beams

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3
Q

this radiology has better detail

A

CT scan

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4
Q

Key in the evaluation of more complicatedareas where there are lots of overlapping
structures

A

CT

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5
Q

Good evaluation of soft tissues in the abdomen (with intravenous contrast agent)

A

CT

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6
Q

negatives of?

more radiation
expensive
IV contrast is risky for some pt’s

A

CT

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7
Q

better than CT

uses really powerful magnets and radiowaves to detect H atoms, more detailed

A

MRI

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8
Q

More sensitive for water/soft tissues

A

MRI

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9
Q

Even more sensitive test for fractures:
suspected stress or insufficiency fractureof the femoral neck
 Excellent evaluation of soft tissues

A

MRI

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10
Q

Poor for evaluation of calcification/bone

A

MRI

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11
Q

contraindications for?

  • pt cant sit still for that long
  • metal in the body
  • claustrophobia
  • IV contrast
A

MRI

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12
Q

ABCs on evaluating bones on xray

A

alignment
bone density
cartilage spaces
soft tissues

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13
Q

Overall skeletal architecture: scoliosis, congenital abnormalities

A

alignment

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14
Q

bone contour should be

A

smooth

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15
Q

General: osteoporosis
 Texture: bone organization (‘bone matrix’)
 Local changes: sclerosis, lucency

A

bone density

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16
Q

in normal bone density:

what should be grey and what should be white?

A

grey marrow

white bone

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17
Q

too much white on x ray means

A

bone is too dense= sclerosis

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18
Q

Joint space width: arthritis
 Subchondral bone (bone next to the cartilage):sclerosis, erosions
 Physeal plates: children

A

cartilage spaces

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19
Q 
Muscles: wasting, mass
 Fat pads/fat lines
 Joint capsules: effusions
 Periosteum
 Benign versus malignant 
reaction
 Miscellaneous: gas, calcifications,foreign body
A

soft tissues

20
Q

a disruption in the continuity of the bone

21
Q

when looking at x-rays, whats the rule?

A

one view is no view

you need to see multiple angles

22
Q

6 terms used to describe fractures

A 
location
extent
direction
position
number of fx lines
integrity of overlying skin
23
Q

one line, two pieces

24
Q

any fx with greater than 2 fx fragments

A

comminuted fx

25
Q

fx fragments are separated by soft tissue

A

distraction

26
Q

fx fragments are compressed

27
Q

fx fragments overlap

A

overriding

28
Q

Smaller fractures avulsed from bony prominencesby tension in attached ligaments or tendons.

A

avulsion fx

29
Q

Can be caused by hyperextension or hyperflexion

A

avulsion fx

30
Q

any fx that extends into the joint

A

intra articular fx

31
Q

more difficult repair and longer healing process

32
Q

Fracture in normal bones of healthy individuals in response to the stress of repeated activities.

33
Q

Due to normal activity in structurally weakened bone

A

insufficiency fx

34
Q 
Causes: 
 Osteoporosis (older women)
 Rheumatoid arthritis
 Steroid use
 Radiation therapy
A

insufficiency fx

35
Q

Similar to insufficiency fracture
 Occur under normal stress
 Fractures through focal abnormality

A

pathologic fx

36
Q

Causes:
 Metastatic tumor (Breast, lung, kidney, prostate,thyroid)
 Osteomyelitis (bone infection)

A

pathologic fx

37
Q

Inflammatory condition

causing synovial proliferationwith destruction of cartilage

A

rheumatoid arthritis (RA)

38
Q 
Radiographic findings:
 Joint space narrowing
 Erosions
 Periarticular osteopenia
 Deformity
39
Q

physis=

A

growth plate

40
Q

what are the 3 stages of fx healing

A

reactive
reparative
remodeling

41
Q

Immune cells arrive, granulation tissue forms

A

reactive phase of fx healing

42
Q

Early: cartilage and early calcification (callus) Late: trabecular bone produced

A

reparative fx healing phase

43
Q

Compact bone replaces trabecular bone

A

remodeling phase of fx healing

44
Q

imaging evaluation of the CNS

A

neuroradiology

45
Q

radiographs are best for what?

A

high contrast pictures

Patho Final Exam (3 decks)

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