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Patho Final Exam > Adult MSK > Flashcards

Adult MSK Flashcards

1
Q

sudden onset, short duration

A

acute inflammation

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2
Q

edema, erythema, heat and pain

A

hallmarks of acute inflammation

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3
Q

persistent, prolonged duration

A

chronic inflammation

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4
Q

WBCs, proliferation blood vv, tissue destruction

A

hallmarks of chronic inflammation

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5
Q

prostaglandins, inc plateletaggregation
■
Mediate fever, pain

A

Cyclooxygenase pathway:

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6
Q

leukotrienes
Allergic, inflammatory response
(autoimmune)
Bronchoconstriction, leukocytes toinflammation

A

lipooxygenase pathway

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7
Q

4 phases of tissue healing

A

hemostasis and degeneration
inflammation
proliferation and migration
remodeling and maturation

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8
Q

timeline of homeostasis and degeneration

A

immediately to 24 hours

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9
Q

Coagulation
Growth factor stimulated
Bring inflammatory response

A

hemostasis

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10
Q

Hematoma
Inflammatory response
Tissue repair begins

A

degeneration

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11
Q

how does tissue repair begin?

A

fibroblasts create scaffolding, granulation tissue with new blood vv

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12
Q

how long does inflammation last

A

up to 5 days

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13
Q

Protective and curativehealthy tissue, scar

Remove the injurystart healing of tissue

A

inflammation

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14
Q

whats the end result of proliferation and migration?

A

a scar

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15
Q

Neovascularization/angiogenesis
Granulation tissue: endothelial cells, fibroblasts
–
Replaced with new matrix (fibrin, fibronectin)collagenscar

A

proliferation and migration

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16
Q

Scar tissue remodeled

Apoptosis
Can take years to remodel
Respond to appropriate stress

A

remodeling and maturation

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17
Q

3 responses to stress for tissues

A

tissue contracts, regeneration, repair

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18
Q

approximation, 3-4 mos

A

tissue contracts

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19
Q

restores normal tissue structure, function

A

tissue regeneration

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20
Q

cell regeneration, connective tissue scar formation

A

tissue repair

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21
Q

3 components of tissue healing

A

fibronectin
proteoglycans and elastin
collagen

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22
Q

5 MOI for the body

A 
infection
immune response
genetic factors
nutritional factors
physical factors
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23
Q

forms scaffold for repair, “glue”

A

fibronectin

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24
Q

Secreted by fibroblasts
Bind to fibronectin and collagen
Hydrate tissue

A

proteoglycans and elastin

25
Q

most important structural support and tensile strength for tissues

A

collagen

26
Q

most common type of collagen
thick bundle, very strong
ex] scar, tendon, bone

A

type I

27
Q

collagen type?

thin, growth plate

A

type II

28
Q

collagen type?

thin, supple, elastic (skin/wound healing), children

A

type III

29
Q

collagen repair process

A

type III –> type I

30
Q

severe rapid breakdown of muscle

A

rhabdomyolosis

31
Q

tendon or ligament MOI

A

rapid force with oblique direction OR degenerative changes

32
Q

joint surfaces cartilage type

A

articular (hyaline)

33
Q

tendon/ligament insertion
meniscus
disk

A

fibrocartilage

34
Q

trachea

earlobe

A

elastic cartilage

35
Q

meniscus

A

fibroelastic cartilage

36
Q

type I collagen in what kind of alignment?

A

circumferential

37
Q

dense outer layer (type I collagen), fibrocartilage (type II) inner layer

A

annulus fibrosis

38
Q

viscoelastic, type II collagen, hi water content

A

nucleus pulposus

39
Q

tough, dense outer layer, 80% of bone

A

cortical bone

40
Q

spongy, thin plates, 20% of bone

A

cancellous/trabecular bone

41
Q

Brings fibroblasts, platelets and osteoprogenitor cells

A

hemostasis of bone repair

42
Q

Fibrin scaffold between ends of fracture

A

inflammatory process of bone repair

43
Q

Callus forms and transforms via enchondral ossification■
■
Soft callus (Wk 2)
Hard callus
Error in this Phase*
“Bridging” on xray is evidence of healing

A

reparative phase of bone repair

44
Q

bridging is what

A

on xray is evidence of healing

45
Q

kids fx healing

A

4-6 weeks

46
Q

adolescents fx healing

A

6-8 weeks

47
Q

adults fx healing

A

10-18 weeks

48
Q

who is at risk for stress fx

A

female athlete triad

49
Q

type of fx common in vertebra

A

compression fx

50
Q

decrease in muscle mass and function with decreased muscular regeneration

A

sarcopenia

51
Q

effects of aging and MSK

3

A

sarcopenia, muscle stiffness and decreased flexibility

52
Q

vascular granulation tissue leads to inflammation

A

pannus

53
Q 
Associated with: 
Increased chemical pain response
Allodynia
Referred pain
Usually in muscles that overused
A

myofascial pain syndrome

54
Q

Patho:
Shortened sarcomeres
Inflammatory responsehypoxia
Sympathetic response

A

myofascial pain syndrome

55
Q

taut band of skeletal muscle

painful with compression, stretch, overload or contraction of the tissuereferred pain

A

myofascial pain syndrome

56
Q

connective tissue is made up of

A

collagen

57
Q

hypermobility

A

CT disorder

58
Q

3 parts to have hypermobility for CT disorders

A

skin elasticity
joint hypermobility
cardiopulm- aorta

59
Q

quick screen for CT disorders

A

Beighton scale

Patho Final Exam (3 decks)

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