Radiology Flashcards
Air bronchogram sign
air bronchogram sign
Radiographic appearance of an air-filled bronchus as it passes through an area of increased anatomic density, as in pulmonary edema and pneumonia.
Silhouette sign
The obscuring of normal radiographic images due to changes in density of surrounding tissues. What can normally be seen, cannot.
Radiolucent
Penetrable by x-rays.
On an x-Ray, the darker areas.
CT value of tissues and other substances:
Pure air ... Pure water ... Lung ... Fat ... Fluid ... Muscle ... Liver ... Bone ...
CT value of tissues and other substances:
Pure air ... -1,000 Pure water ... 0 Lung ... -800 Fat ... -1,200 Fluid ... 0 Muscle ... 40 Liver ... 40 Bone ... 350
Azygos fissure, location and in the same plane as ___ fissure plus definition.
Right medial lobe
In the same plane as the inferior accessory fissure.
The azygos fissure is the most common accessory fissure seen on chest x-ray. The azygos vein usually runs horizontally along the right of the mediastinum. It hooks forward over the right main bronchus, draining the azygos system into the superior vena cava.
If there is an azygos fissure, the vein appears to run within the lung, but is actually surrounded by both parietal and visceral pleura. The azygos fissure therefore consists of four layers of pleura, two parietal layers and two visceral layers, which wrap around the vein giving the appearance of a tadpole.
Source: radiologymasterclass.co.uk
Inferior accessory fissure, location and in the same plane as ___ fissure plus definition.
Right lower lobe
In the same plane as the azygos fissure
The inferior accessory fissure, also known as Twining’s line, divides the medial basal bronchopulmonary segment from the rest of the lower lower. This accessory fissure occurs in 5 - 8% of frontal chest x-rays and if approximately five times more common on the right than the left.
Superior accessory fissure, location and in the same plane as ___ fissure plus definition.
Right lobe
In the same plane as the minor accessory fissure.
The superior accessory fissure is seen on approximately 10% (range 9 - 22%) of chest x-rays and may be more common in fetuses and neonates.
The superior accessory fissure of the right lobe of the lung is located in the same plane and posterior to the right minor fissure. It separates the right lower lobe into superior and basal segments. This superior segment is called the posterior or dorsal lobe.
Frontal chest x-rays demonstrate a thin horizontal linear opacity projecting below expectations, parallel, and medial to the right minor fissure. Lateral radiograph demonstrates thin line posterior to the right minor fissure, usually in the same plane and in a horizontal or oblique orientation. It may look like a continuation of the right minor fissure posteriorly, which separates right lower lobe into superior and inferior segments.
Minor fissure, location and in the same plane as ___ fissure plus definition.
Right lobe
In the same plane as the superior accessory fissure
FINISH, NEEDS DEFINITION
What planes and x-ray views can the ____ fissure be observed?
Major fissure
Major:
Planes - axial, sagittal
X-ray - lateral
What planes and x-ray views can the ____ fissure be observed?
Minor fissure
Minor:
Planes - frontal, sagittal
X-rays - PA, lateral
What x-ray views can the ____ fissure be observed?
Azygos fissure
X-rays- PA
What x-ray views can the ____ fissure be observed?
Inferior accessory fissure
PA
What x-ray views can the ____ fissure be observed?
Superior accessory fissure
X-ray: PA and lateral
X-Ray densities
Air
Fat
Tissue (waters)
Bone (metal)
Silhouette sign, contacting structures:
The ____ lobe contacts ____
Left lower lobe
Left diaphragm
Descending aorta
