Radiology Flashcards
X-ray was discovered in what year ?
1895
6 Reasons for Chest Imaging
- Pain - Trauma - Infection - Metastatic disease - Biopsy localization - Inhalation of foreign bodies
Investigation of 7 other disease processes with the use of chest imaging?
Pneumonia Heart disease Asthma Emphysema Pneumothorax Effusion Atelectasis
Chest Radiography Posterior-Anterior projection.
From back to Front Chest X ray
Chest Radiography Anterior-Posterior projection.
From Front to Back Chest X ray
What is the Standardized radiographic distance ?
72”
What distances may be used in portable imaging ?
Various
3 PA or AP Chest X Ray Positioning Criteria ?
- Patient parallel with image receptor - Shoulders rolled forward - Adequate inspiration
4 Lateral Chest X Ray Positioning Criteria ?
-No rotation, posterior ribs superimposed -Costophrenic angles superimposed -Sternum in lateral profile -Lung markings identifiable
Anatomy of the Chest (PA)
- Trachea 2. Right sternoclavicular joint 3. Right hilum 4. Right lung 5. Right costophrenic angle 6. Left apex 7. Left clavicle 8. Aortic arch 9. Carina 10. Left lung 11. Heart 12. Diaphragm
Anatomy of a Lateral Chest Film.
- Apices 2. Aortic arch 3. Lungs 4. Right Hemidiaphragm 5. Sternum 6. Heart 7. Left Hemidiaphragm
5 methods for Alternate Imaging of the Chest?
-CT -MRI -Sonography -Nuc Med -Cardiovascular Interventional Technology (CIT) [Angiography]
Computed Tomography Imaging
Axial CT scan demonstrating: -true and false lumen -dissecting aorta
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Coronal Imaging Technique. Demonstrating: -lung -organs of the abdomen -heart & great vessels -other bony & soft tissue anatomy
Echocardiography (sonography)
2D parasternal echocardiography view
Normal Thalium Cardiac Scan by nuclear imaging
Abnormal cardiac scan by nuclear imaging. Scan shows Ischemic disease of the LV.
What Diagnostic test to can be used to determine degree of cardiovascular disease?
Cardiovascular Interventional Technology (angiography).
Name everything except #5.
- Superior Vena cava 2. Right Atrium 3. Right Ventricle 4. Pulmonary outflow tract 6. Left ventricle 7. Left atrial appendage 8. Inferior vena cava 9. Ascending aorta and aortic arch 10. Aoric valve 11. Mitral valve
Name everything except 1,2,&7.
- Right Ventricle 4. Pulmonary outflow tract 5. Left atrium 6. Left ventricle 8. Inferior vena cava 9. Ascending aorta and aortic arch 10. Aoric valve 11. Mitral valve
How would you evaluate correct positioning of PA/AP Chest X Ray?
- No rotation, SC joints equidistant from vertebral column - Lateral borders of ribs equidistant from the vertebral column - Entire lung included - 10 posterior ribs - Apices & angles - Trachea on midline
Post-Operative Imaging evaluation
PA,AP, or Lateral Image. Note the presence of: 1. sternal wire sutures 2. surgical clips 3. metal rings that mark the site of vascular grafts.
Cardiomegaly:
Cardiac dimension ≥50% of thoracic diameter
Airspace Disease
Fluid fills alveoli Ill-defined densities (lighter areas in dark lung fields) Usually not sharp edged areas of density Exception: Lobar Pneumonia
Airspace Disease: 6 year old with right middle lobe pneumonia
Pathology involving supporting soft tissue in lung. -Connective tissue between alveoli -Vasculature
Interstitial disease
Cystic Fibrosis: Bronchi-ectasis: thickened, dilated bronchial walls
Nodules/Masses
Lesions with discrete (defined) borders
Atelectasis
- Absence of air in lung - Pulmonary collapse (collapsed lung)
Right Upper Lobe Atelectasis: caused by obstruction to R upper bronchus
Atelectasis: complete collapse of right lung
Effusion
Escape of fluid from blood vessels or lymphatics into lung tissue or airspace Air-fluid levels demonstrated Costophrenic angles flattened or rounded
