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CVPR 325 Diagnostic Procedures > Final Exam Prep > Flashcards

Final Exam Prep Flashcards

1
Q

The blood test most commonly used to confirm the existance of heart muscle damage is:

A

Creatine Kinase

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2
Q

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction consists of the following “triad”:

A

chest pain,
ECG changes,
Elevation of biomarkers

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3
Q

An ideal marker should appear in the blood quickly after an infarct and then be rapidly cleared from the blood.

T / F

A

False

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4
Q

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the highest one (B)?

A

Cardiac Troponin

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5
Q

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the lowest one (D)?

A

Cardiac troponin after unstable angina

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6
Q

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the Average one (C)?

A

CKMB

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7
Q

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the narrowest one (A)?

A

Myoglobin

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8
Q

Creatine Kinase (CK) lacks specificity for cardiac damage and, therefore, needs to be augmented with the CK-MB fraction.

T / F

A

True

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9
Q

CK-MM (98%) :

CK-MB (1%)

A

Skeletal muscle expression of creatine kinase

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10
Q

CK-MM (70%) :

CK-MB (30%)

A

Cardiac myocardial expression of creatine kinase

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11
Q

CK-BB

A

Expressed mainly in the tissues, little significance in blood straem

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12
Q

CK/CPK

A

catalyzes the conversion of creatine to phosphocreatine degrading ATP to ADP

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13
Q

Troponin-C (TnC)

A

binds to Ca++ ions to produce a conformational change in TnI

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14
Q

Troponin-I (TnI)

A

binds to actin in thin myofilaments to stabilze troponin-tropomyosin complex

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15
Q

Troponin-T (TnT)

A

binds to tropomyosin forming the troponin-tropomyosin complex

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16
Q

Tropomyosin

A

a thin filament element

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17
Q

Troponin as a marker: Which Troponin have studies failed to find a source outside the heart?

A

Troponin-i

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18
Q

Which biomarker may provide prognostic information (ie. peak levels corelate with infarct size)

A

Tni

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19
Q

Myoglobin is released into the blood in detectable range as early as

A

1 hr

20
Q

A non-dominant left coronary artery is almost always more important than the dominant RCA.

T / F

A

True

21
Q

A major limitation of coronary arteriography is:

A

it only provides a luminogram that provides no onformation about the vessel wall

22
Q

Coronary arteriograpy visulizes only the major epicardial branches.
T / F

A

True

23
Q

In 1929, who performed the first right heart cardiac catherization (upon self!)?

A

Forssmann

24
Q

List 2 complications of Cardiac Catherization

A

Arrhythmias

Renal insufficiency

25
Q

List 3 Pitfalls of Coronary Arteriography

A
  1. ) Difficulty in detecting ostial left main.
  2. ) Superinmposition of branches.
  3. ) Unrecognized branches
26
Q

Diagnostic Cardiac Catherization provides lots of information to the clinician.

Along with Coronary Arteriography, what 2 other areas will this procedure allow acquisition of data?

A
  1. ) Left Ventricolography

2. ) Hemodynamic data

27
Q

How many coronary angiograms are done annually in the USA?

A

1,000,000

28
Q

Vascular access to perform cardiac catherization is most often obtained via the:

A

Femoral artery

29
Q

What is the major cation of extracellular fluid?

A

Sodium (Na)

30
Q

What is the major anion of extracellular fluid?

A

Chloride (Cl)

31
Q

During a fasting plasma glucose test, a value of >140 mg/dl on more than one occasion is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus.

T / F

A

True

32
Q

Low levels are a risk factor for coronary artery disease.

A

HDL-Cholesterol

33
Q

is the “bad” cholesterol

A

LDL-Cholesterol

34
Q 
Electrolytes normal plasma values:
Na = 
K = 
Cl = 
Glucose =
A 
Na =  135 - 146
K   =  3.5 - 5.5
Cl  =  95 - 109
Glucose = 60 - 109
35
Q

Which of the following are considered renal function tests?

A

BUN & creatinine

36
Q

In urinalysis, a positive nitrite test indicates

A

that bacteria may be present in significant numbers

37
Q

Crystals in the urine indicates that

A

conditions are right for kidney stones to be made

38
Q

Is a result ofbleeding into the bladder or urinary
&
can be caused by catheter placement

A

Hematuria

39
Q

Urine which is reddish brown in color

A

All of the above

40
Q

Albumin in the urine is significant because it may indicate

A

kidney disease

41
Q

Normal urine pH is

A

6.0 - 7.0

42
Q

In urinalysis, the presence of Ketones in the urine could indicate

A

kidney stones

43
Q

Acute tubular necrosis may result from

A

Blunt Trauma

44
Q

Medical Technologists no longer routinely test and report urine odor.

T / F

A

True

45
Q

The presence of glucose in the urine can most often be seen in this patient group

A

diabetics

46
Q

Protein casts tend to dissolve in alkaline medium.

T / F

A

True

CVPR 325 Diagnostic Procedures (7 decks)

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