Final Exam Prep

Question 1

The blood test most commonly used to confirm the existance of heart muscle damage is:

Answer 1

Creatine Kinase

Question 2

The diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction consists of the following “triad”:

Answer 2

chest pain,
ECG changes,
Elevation of biomarkers

Question 3

An ideal marker should appear in the blood quickly after an infarct and then be rapidly cleared from the blood.

T / F

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the highest one (B)?

Answer 4

Cardiac Troponin

Question 5

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the lowest one (D)?

Answer 5

Cardiac troponin after unstable angina

Question 6

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the Average one (C)?

Answer 6

CKMB

Question 7

Marker Responses to MI curve, which one is the narrowest one (A)?

Answer 7

Myoglobin

Question 8

Creatine Kinase (CK) lacks specificity for cardiac damage and, therefore, needs to be augmented with the CK-MB fraction.

T / F

Answer 8

True

Question 9

CK-MM (98%) :

CK-MB (1%)

Answer 9

Skeletal muscle expression of creatine kinase

Question 10

CK-MM (70%) :

CK-MB (30%)

Answer 10

Cardiac myocardial expression of creatine kinase

Question 11

CK-BB

Answer 11

Expressed mainly in the tissues, little significance in blood straem

Question 12

CK/CPK

Answer 12

catalyzes the conversion of creatine to phosphocreatine degrading ATP to ADP

Question 13

Troponin-C (TnC)

Answer 13

binds to Ca++ ions to produce a conformational change in TnI

Question 14

Troponin-I (TnI)

Answer 14

binds to actin in thin myofilaments to stabilze troponin-tropomyosin complex

Question 15

Troponin-T (TnT)

Answer 15

binds to tropomyosin forming the troponin-tropomyosin complex

Question 16

Tropomyosin

Answer 16

a thin filament element

Question 17

Troponin as a marker: Which Troponin have studies failed to find a source outside the heart?

Answer 17

Troponin-i

Question 18

Which biomarker may provide prognostic information (ie. peak levels corelate with infarct size)

Answer 18

Tni

Question 19

Myoglobin is released into the blood in detectable range as early as

Answer 19

1 hr

Question 20

A non-dominant left coronary artery is almost always more important than the dominant RCA.

T / F

Answer 20

True

Question 21

A major limitation of coronary arteriography is:

Answer 21

it only provides a luminogram that provides no onformation about the vessel wall

Question 22

Coronary arteriograpy visulizes only the major epicardial branches.
T / F

Answer 22

True

Question 23

In 1929, who performed the first right heart cardiac catherization (upon self!)?

Answer 23

Forssmann

Question 24

List 2 complications of Cardiac Catherization

Answer 24

Arrhythmias

Renal insufficiency

Question 25

List 3 Pitfalls of Coronary Arteriography

Answer 25

1. ) Difficulty in detecting ostial left main. 2. ) Superinmposition of branches. 3. ) Unrecognized branches

Question 26

Diagnostic Cardiac Catherization provides lots of information to the clinician. Along with Coronary Arteriography, what 2 other areas will this procedure allow acquisition of data?

Answer 26

1. ) Left Ventricolography | 2. ) Hemodynamic data

Question 27

How many coronary angiograms are done annually in the USA?

Answer 27

1,000,000

Question 28

Vascular access to perform cardiac catherization is most often obtained via the:

Answer 28

Femoral artery

Question 29

What is the major cation of extracellular fluid?

Answer 29

Sodium (Na)

Question 30

What is the major anion of extracellular fluid?

Answer 30

Chloride (Cl)

Question 31

During a fasting plasma glucose test, a value of >140 mg/dl on more than one occasion is diagnostic for diabetes mellitus. T / F

Answer 31

True

Question 32

Low levels are a risk factor for coronary artery disease.

Answer 32

HDL-Cholesterol

Question 33

is the "bad" cholesterol

Answer 33

LDL-Cholesterol

Question 34

``` Electrolytes normal plasma values: Na = K = Cl = Glucose = ```

Answer 34

``` Na = 135 - 146 K = 3.5 - 5.5 Cl = 95 - 109 Glucose = 60 - 109 ```

Question 35

Which of the following are considered renal function tests?

Answer 35

BUN & creatinine

Question 36

In urinalysis, a positive nitrite test indicates

Answer 36

that bacteria may be present in significant numbers

Question 37

Crystals in the urine indicates that

Answer 37

conditions are right for kidney stones to be made

Question 38

Is a result ofbleeding into the bladder or urinary & can be caused by catheter placement

Answer 38

Hematuria

Question 39

Urine which is reddish brown in color

Answer 39

All of the above

Question 40

Albumin in the urine is significant because it may indicate

Answer 40

kidney disease

Question 41

Normal urine pH is

Answer 41

6.0 - 7.0

Question 42

In urinalysis, the presence of Ketones in the urine could indicate

Answer 42

kidney stones

Question 43

Acute tubular necrosis may result from

Answer 43

Blunt Trauma

Question 44

Medical Technologists no longer routinely test and report urine odor. T / F

Answer 44

True

Question 45

The presence of glucose in the urine can most often be seen in this patient group

Answer 45

diabetics

Question 46

Protein casts tend to dissolve in alkaline medium. T / F

Answer 46

True