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CPR Midterm > Radiology > Flashcards

Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

xray view of azygous fissure

A

normal variant azygous vein drains into the SCV above the R upper lobe bronchus forms fissure when vein invaginates into developing lung and pulls in visceral/parietal pleura see a linear opacity ending in almond shape

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2
Q

Pancoast tumor

A

lung cancer arising in the peripheral upper lobe. lung apices

Sx: upper extremity pain, radiculopathy,Paresthesia/Weakness

Horner syndrome-Extension of neoplasm into the sympathetic chain ganglia
(Ptosis, Miosis, and Anhidrosis)

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3
Q

area with increased attenuation, therefore more opaque to X-rays, producing a lighter (clear) area on the image.

A

Opacity

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4
Q

CT: Pancoast tumor

A

lung cancer arising in the peripheral upper lobe. lung apices

Sx: upper extremity pain, radiculopathy,Paresthesia/Weakness

Horner syndrome-Extension of neoplasm into the sympathetic chain ganglia
(Ptosis, Miosis, and Anhidrosis)

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5
Q

Line vs. Edge

A
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6
Q

xray: PA vs. AP position

A 
–AP = X-rays enter front, back against sensor
–PA = back to front against sensor

*Geometric magnification makes the heart shadow larger on the AP vs PA (greater divergence of xray beams)

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7
Q

xray:
“LUCENCY”

A

Black – where Xrays penetrate,

gas/air

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8
Q

xray: OPACITY

A

White – where Xrays are blocked

–Metal > bone > muscle/water > fat > air

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9
Q

xray Orientation: Lat

A

–Lat = nose points to left of screen

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10
Q

xray Orientation:
sagittal

A

–Sagittal = nose points to left of screen

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11
Q

xray Orientation:
axial

A

–Axial = looking up from feet

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12
Q

xray Orientation:
coronal

A

–Coronal = looking at patients face

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13
Q

Positioning: Straight or Oblique?

A

straight

Spinous process (vertebra) should be midline, between the clavicles (head)

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14
Q

xray: Density

A

the quality of an object that blocks light (on a film) or X-rays (on a radiograph

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15
Q

“Silhouette Sign”

A

“Silhouette Sign”
(Don’t see the normal interface)
the LOSS of a normal anatomic border btwn structures by the apposition of a structure/lesion of similar radiographic density

usually caused by an intrathoracic radiopaque mass that touches the border of the heart or aorta.

xray: check edges of mediastinum: cardiophrenic angle, costophrenic angle, and aortico-pulmonary window for lesions

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16
Q

Opacity

A

nany area with increased attenuation, therefore more opaque to X-rays, producing a whiter/brighter area on the image. (on a photographic negative)

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17
Q

Edge

A

Edge: a boundary or demarcation between two different densities, such that the transition is sharp.

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18
Q

Line

A

Line: a visible opacity that is contrasted against more lucent areas on BOTH sides. (also, the reverse)

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19
Q

Varicella pneumonia

A

Small Nodular Lung Calcifications from Varicella Pneumonia
(healed Chicken Pox) and overlying breast shadows

Sx: rapidly evolving cough, dyspnea, and hemoptysis

20
Q

25 y/o sudden onset SOB, ß breath sounds on L.

Tracheal deviated to R. on physical exam.

A

Shifted =>Tension Pneumothorax

Compare opacity (whiteness) of lungs from side to side and from top to bottom

21
Q

Chest Radiology: ET Tube Position

A

CORRECT ET tube placement

ET tube in trachea 5-7cm above carina btwn L/R bronchi

estimate location of carina ~T5-T6 disk space

22
Q

estimate location of T1

A

where fist rib attaches

above T2 whose rib attaches to angle of louis

23
Q

Chest Radiology: position of the carina

A

above junction of R/L mainstem bronchi

near T5/6 or T6/7 disk space

24
Q

verify endotracheal tube placement

A

bad placement!

ET tube too LOW~ T5/6 and CURVES to R

intubation of R aminstem bronchus

contralateral lung becomes opaque (no air fill)

sx: atelectasis/collapse, diaphragm elevation, mediastinal shift

25
Q

verify endotracheal tube placement

A

BAD ET tube

esophageal intubation

air in stomach (distented abdomen)

ET tube cruves R below the R minstem bronchus (does not follow trachea)

also taveling alongside feeding tube

26
Q

main concern?

A

pneumonia

27
Q

concern with hypoedense area on chest exam

A

pocket of air

28
Q

main concern?

A

L pneumothorax

vasculature does not extend to chest wall in apex

hypodense “empty” space at edge of lung

29
Q

landmark on mediastinum

A

aortico-pulmonary window

indent between aortic knob and main pulmonary artery

swollen lymphnodes/cancers can appear here

xray: “ Silhouette Sign” on mediastinum

30
Q

main concern?

A

pneumonia and partial lobe colapse

(+) sihouette sign

opacity in R middle lobe

loss of sharp heart boarder

31
Q

Air bronchogram

A

xray: “see air surrounded by fluid”= tubular lucencies

An air bronchogram is a tubular outline of an airway made visible by filling of the surrounding alveoli by fluid.

Six causes of air bronchograms are; lung consolidation, pulmonary edema, nonobstructive pulmonary atelectasis, severe interstitial disease, neoplasm, and normal expiration.

**pneumonia and cystic fibrosis

32
Q

bronchiectasis

A

dilated bronchi

can be caused by cystic fibrosis:chronic thick fluid–>bronchitis–>bronchial wall weakens–>expands

33
Q

Achalasia

A

Achalasia is a disorder of the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach.

a failure of smooth muscle fibers to relax, which can cause a sphincter to remain closed and fail to open when needed

34
Q

what is the directoin of the posterior ribs? Anterior and lateral ribs are in what direction?

A

horizontal; diagonal

35
Q

a coin in the trachea is in what plane on a radiograph? in the esophagus?

A

in the trachea: sagittal plane
in the esophagus: coronal plane (flat and facing you)

36
Q

If you want to see all of the branches of the aorta, what view do you want to see?

A

a Left Anterior Oblique

37
Q

If you want to see the esophagus in a barium swallow, what radiogrph view do you want?

A

a right anterior oblique

38
Q

What is the space between the aorta and pulmonary artery?

A

the aorticopulmonary notch

39
Q

what are the two places in the body where you will see air mixed with liquid contents?

A

in the stomach and the colon

40
Q

where does the aorta usually break?

A

right where the ligamentum arteriosum attaches: between the end of the arch and the descending aorta

41
Q
A
42
Q

what forms the right heart border?

A

the right atrium

43
Q

on a radiograph, the pulmonary (arteries/veins) are superior and the pulmonary (arteries/veins) are inferior

A

arteries are superior, veins are inferior

44
Q

what passes under the aortic arch on radiograph?

A

the pulmonary trunk (“outflow tract”)

45
Q

what passes over the left main bronchus?

A

the left pulmonary artery

CPR Midterm (15 decks)

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