Radiology

Question 1

LAT

Answer 1

Lateral (regular XR image)

Question 2

Role of diagnostic imaging in medicine

Answer 2

Diagnostic imaging is used to diagnose a wide variety of conditions (orthopedic, vascular, pulmonary, GI, obstetric, urological…)

Question 3

Ionizing radiology (examples)

Answer 3

Shoots ionizing radiation through the patient and onto photosensitive surface to create an image

X-ray, flouroscopy, computed tomography (CT scan)

Question 4

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Answer 4

Uses very strong magnetic fields and radio-frequency to produce energy in the body’s stored HYDROGEN ATOMS
This info is detected to generate 2D and 3D images
Best for diagnosis of nerve compromise, ligament outs injury, vascular insult, and operative planning

Question 5

Nuclear medicine

Answer 5

Radioactive isotope in unstable form is put into patient
Isotopes are attracted to specific structures/tissues where the rate of decay is detected by isotope decay detectors

SPECT- single photon emission computed tomography
PET- positron emission tomography
Nuclear stress tests, thyroid scans..

Question 6

Ultrasonography

Answer 6

Ultrasound probes use acoustic energy and measure the time it takes for ultrasound waves to leave and return to ultrasound strobe.
Faster/higher quality waves= brighter image

Question 7

5 basic densities

Answer 7

Air- blackest on XR/CT/US
Fat- lighter shade of gray (CT best)
Soft tissue or fluid- dense=grayer, less dense= blacker (CT best)
Calcium- mostly in bones (XR shows inside better/ CT shoes outline better)
Metal- whitest/foreign (XR best)

Question 8

PA v AP

Answer 8

PA from behind
AP front

Question 9

CT with vs CT without vs CTA

Answer 9

CT without- no contrast-bones/ FOs
CT with- with IV contrast- organs
CTA- with IV contrast timed for arterial phase

Question 10

MRI without
MRA
MRV

Answer 10

MRI without- no contrast- soft tissue,ligaments, bones
MRA- arterial phase contrast
MRV venous phase contrast

Question 11

What density is brighter white

Answer 11

Increased density

Question 12

Flow void

Answer 12

Absence of contrast or fluid which is normally there

Question 13

What would you use for bone/calcium and foreign bodies

Answer 13

Usually Xray- or CT without contrast

Question 14

What does IV contrast help identify

Answer 14

Organs/tumors/masses/ bleeding

Arteries and veins with special timing (CTA)

It enhances the appearance of organs and will highlight areas of inflamed or infracted tissue

Question 15

Stop and look at common clinical use chart/ safety limitations on ppt

Answer 15

Did you look

Question 16

CT without

Answer 16

no contrast - shows bones and foreign objects

Question 17

CT with

Answer 17

with IV contrast - highlights organs

Question 18

CTA

Answer 18

with IV contrast, timed for arterial

Question 19

MRI without

Answer 19

no contrast, soft tissue, ligament and bone

Question 20

MRA

Answer 20

arterial phase contrast - arteries

Question 21

MRV

Answer 21

venous phase contrast - veins

Question 22

increased density

Answer 22

brighter white

Question 23

decreased density

Answer 23

grayer

Question 24

mixed density

Answer 24

areas of high and low densitty

Question 25

attentuation

Answer 25

increased or decreased - same as density

Question 26

flow void

Answer 26

absence of contrast or fluid that is normally in a structure

Question 27

Detect bone, calcium, foreign bodies

Answer 27

xray or CT without contrast

Question 28

detect organs, tumors, masses, bleeding

Answer 28

US or CT IV contrast to enhance organs and inflamed tissue

Question 29

detect arteries and veins

Answer 29

IV contrast with special timing in CT

Question 30

Why use Xray?

Answer 30

fractures, dislocations, pneumonia, intestinal obstruction

Question 31

Disadvantage xray

Answer 31

radiation, poor internal organ issue

Question 32

Why use CT?

Answer 32

fractures, dislocation, organ function, infection, inflammation, bleeding, vascular tumors
gold standard for diagnoses

Question 33

Disadvantage CT

Answer 33

radiation exposure, contrast allergy

Question 34

Why use MRI

Answer 34

nervous, vascular, oncologic, ligamentous, bony inection and kids. Greatest accuracy most dx

Question 35

Disadvantage MRI

Answer 35

high cost, long duration, decrease comfort

Question 36

Why use US?

Answer 36

superficial structures, gallbladder, fetal, vascular, superficial infection, abdominal organ, trauma, heart
Good if experienced user

Question 37

Why use nuclear medicine

Answer 37

function of organs, metabolic activity structures, perfusion organs. Good for certain diagnoses

Question 38

Disadvantage of NM

Answer 38

radiation exposure, expensive, special equipment, slow