Radiology Flashcards
Give examples of developmental, inflammatory, neoplasm, metabolic bone pathologies?
Developmental
-> Tori
-> Osteopetrosis
-> Achondroplasia
-> Fibrous dysplasia
Inflammatory
-> Dry socket
-> OM
Neoplasm
-> Osteoma
-> Osteoblastoma
-> osteosarcoma
Metabolic
-> Parathyroid disease
-> Osteoporosis
-> Osteomalacia/rickets
What are the differential diagnoses for a multilocular radiolucency?
Cherubism
Odontogenic myxoma
Odontogenic keratocyst
Ameloblastoma
What are the characteristics of a ghost image?
Higher up
Opposite side
Wider
What are the ways patient dose can be reduced?
FSD- >20cm
Rectangular columnation
Faster film speed (F or digital)
Using exposure setting of 60-70kV
Beam aiming device
What is the Compton effect?
Occurs when x-ray photon collides with outer shell electron and is either absorbed or scattered
-> adds to dose and degrades image (darkening and fogging)
What is the photoelectric effect?
Complete absorption of X-ray photon as it collides with an inner shell electron
-> increases dose but adds to quality of image (gives white aspect of image)
What metal is used for absorption in X-rays?
Lead
What metals are used in X-ray tube head?
Aluminium
Copper
Tungsten
What are safety features in advised in IRR17?
Controlled area
Warning sign for controlled area
Light/audible sound during exposure
Exposure stops automatically
What does ALARP mean?
As low as reasonable practicable
What is a radiation protection supervisor?
Ensures regulations and training are followed
What is a radiation protection adviser?
Advises on risk, regulations, training quality
What is the paralleling technique?
No contact but object and receptor in parallel with beam perpendicular
What is the bisecting angle technique?
What are the roles in IRMER17
Employer
Referrer- justifies exposure
Practitioner- justification, weighs up risks and benefits, checks for recent radiographs
Operator- takes exposure (ALARP), processes, reports
