Radiology Flashcards
Smooth narrowing of lower oesophagus seen on barium swallow?
Most common complication
Mx?
achalasia
Nocturnal aspiration -> cough / pneumonia
Ballon dilation is mainstay
Mx of primary pneumothorax if >2cm
aspiration of up to
2.5 litres with a 16–18G cannula is recommended.
If aspiration fails, a chest drain
should be inserted.
Advice following primary pneumothorax ?
Possibility recur
stop smoking
Don’t fly for 1 week after full recovery
What to do with likely TB Dx ?
Ix before treatment?
Refer to resp
Notify public health
patient education - transmission / compliance
Full blood count, liver and renal function, colour vision and acuity before mx
bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy (BHL) with symmetrical
lobulated hilar enlargement. On CXR
In Pt with cough / swellings in neck / parotids
Dx?
Seen on biopsy
Sarcoidosis
Non caseating granuloma
Name 3 conditions that could cause a non caseating granuloma
sarcoid, tuberculosis, lymphoma and fungal infections
4 sarcoid Ix
CXR
CT
MRI brian
ECG
LuFT
LFT / *ALP
Serum ACE (often secreted by granulomas)
Serum Ca
Skin changes sarcoid
Erythema nodosum
Sarcoid Mx ? If fail ?
Oral steroids / conservative
[Defs steroids if:
a. Hypercalcaemia
b. Neurological involvement
c. Cardiac involvement
d. Ocular involvement (if topical steroids have failed).]
Immunosupressant Eg azathioprine,
methotrexate, cyclophosphamide,
Hyponatraemia in a euvolaemic patient with a suspected malignancy
What you thinking
Paraneoplastic syndrome -> SIADH
Sx of hypoNa
Often Asx
malaise, nausea, generalized weakness, confusion and anorexia
Most common Ca’s mets to brain
lung, breast, melanoma, renal and colon
Older man with sclerosis of right hip shown on XR
2 key DDx
prostate Ca
Pagets (hip is most common location)
3 phases of pagets ? What do you see in middle phase
osteolytic
mixed - cotton wool apperarnce on XR
osteoblastic
3 classic XR features of pagets
bony enlargement, coarse trabeculae and a thickened
cortex