radiology 1

Question 1

anterior neuropore

Answer 1

closes and creates a tube forming the nervous system

Question 2

anterior neuropore closes at

Answer 2

24th day of gestation

Question 3

3 primitive vesicles

Answer 3

prosecephalon (forebrain)
mesencephalon (midbrain)
the rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 4

prosencephalon is made up of

Answer 4

telencephalon and diencephalon

Question 5

telencephalon

Answer 5

frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes and basal ganglia (subpallium)

Question 6

diencephalon

Answer 6

grey matter structures around the third ventricle

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus, and pretectum

Question 7

mesencephalon

Answer 7

midbrain

Question 8

rhombencephalon is made up of

Answer 8

metencephalon and myelencephalon

Question 9

metenchephalon

Answer 9

pons and cerebellum

Question 10

myelencephalon

Answer 10

medulla oblongata

Question 11

differences between bones and lobes

Answer 11

frontal lobe extends posteriorly beyond the coronal suture (past the frontal bone)
the parietal lobes are much smaller than the parietal bones
the temporal lobes extend beyond the temporal bones

Question 12

the central sulcus

Answer 12

seperates the frontal from the parietal lobe
defined the precentral (motor) and postcentral (sensory) cortex
usually freestanding (no intersections)
just anterior to ascending cingulate

Question 13

the central sulcus separates

Answer 13

the frontal from the parietal lobe

Question 14

the primary motor cortex is the

Answer 14

precentral gyrus

Question 15

the primary sensory cortex is the

Answer 15

postcentral gyrus

Question 16

anterior branch of the sylvian fissure is surrounded by

Answer 16

the inferior frontal gyrus

Question 17

3 components of the central sulcus

Answer 17

superior, intermediate and inferior

Question 18

arrangement of 3 components of the central sulcus

Answer 18

superior and inferior parts are convex anteriorly where as the intermediate part is convex posteriorly

Question 19

intermediate part of the central sulcus

Answer 19

formed by a well defined segment of the precentral gyrus, which corresponds to the cortical representation of motor hand function (hand knob)

Question 20

thalamic adhesion

Answer 20

grey matter bridge connecting right and left thalami

Question 21

grey matter contains

Answer 21

bodies of neurons

Question 22

white matter conatins

Answer 22

mylinated neuron fibres

Question 23

central semiovale

Answer 23

is an area of white matter in the central part of the cerebra hemispheres, which is situated between the basagl ganglia and the cortical convolutions

Question 24

centrum semiovale contains

Answer 24

widened perivasscular spaces (virchow-robin spaces)
little dots
fluid filled tubular spaces surrounding the penetrating small vessels going into the brain - not to be confused with infarcts on imaging

Question 25

white matter tracts

Answer 25

within one hemisphere - association fibres
between two hemispheres - commissural fibres
between hemispheres and the brainstem/spinal cord - projection fibres

Question 26

white matter tracts in one hemisphere

Answer 26

association fibres

Question 27

white matter tracts between two hemispheres

Answer 27

commissural fibres

Question 28

white matter tracts between the brainstem/spinal cord

Answer 28

projection fibres

Question 29

internal capsule

Answer 29

most of the prrojection fibres go through here

Question 30

corticospinal tracts

Answer 30

‘pyramidal tracts’
on T2 and FLAIR images there is a hyperintense area in the posterior limb of the internal capsule
these projection fibers have a very thick myelin sheath

Question 31

decussation of the pyramidal tracts

Answer 31

the point at the junction of the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord where the motor fibers from the medullary pyramids cross the midline
the fibres then continue into the spinal cord primarily as the corticospinal tract

Question 32

gyri of the frontal lobe

Answer 32

superior frontal gyrus 
middle frontal gyrus 
inferior frontal gyrus 
rectus gyrus 
orbital gyrus

Question 33

supplementary motor area

Answer 33

occupies a large part of the medial surface of the superior frontal gyrus
is seperrated from the cingulate gyrus by part of the cungulate or callosomarginal sulcus
is seperated from the paracentral lbule by part of the preparacentral sulcus

Question 34

insula of reil

Answer 34

largely unknown function
anterior lobe - precentral motor area
posterior lobe - postcentral somatosensory area

Question 35

heschl’s gyrus

Answer 35

transverse temporal gyrus
primary auditory cortex
llocated on the superior temporall lobe, deep in the sylvian fissure
limited posteriorly by the sulcus of Heschl, which seperated it from the ‘plnum temporale (corticall respresentation of language)

Question 36

the optic radiation

Answer 36

extends from the lateral geniculate body to the primary visual cortex
functionally divided into two parts

Question 37

two parts of the optic radiation

Answer 37

the dorsal (or parietal) bundle - contralateral inferior visual quadrant 
the ventral (or temporal) bindle (aka. meyer's loop) - contralateral superior visual quadrant

Question 38

first synapse

Answer 38

ganglion cells of retina

Question 39

2nd synapse

Answer 39

lateral genticulate body (between optic tract and optic radiation)

Question 40

3rd synapse

Answer 40

visual cortex