Radiolody Quiz 2 Flashcards
What is the tube head and how is it used?
Also known as tube housing,Contains the x-ray tube that produces dental x-rays
What is the Extension arm and what does it do?
Suspends the x-ray tube head, houses the electrical wires and allows for movement and positioning of the tube head.
What is the control Panel and what does it do?
Allows the dental radiographer to regulate the x-ray beam and appears as a console or cabinet.
What is the exposure button and how is it used?
Activates the machine to produce x-rays
Receptor holder
Device used to hold and align intraoral dental x-ray receptors in the mouth
Beam alignment device
Used to position an intraoral receptor in the mouth and maintain the recepetor in position during exposure
Snap-a-ray
Double ended instrument that holds the receptor between two serrated plastic grips that can be locked in place.
Stabe bite block
Intraoral Receptor holder
Collimator
Used to further restrict the size of the x-ray beam and reduce patient exposure
No federal standards existed for dental x-ray machines manufactured before the year:
1974
PID
Film processing steps
- Development
- Rinsing
- Fixing
- Washing
- Drying
Mounting radiographs
Quicker and easier to view and interpret radiographs, and should be mounted immediately after processing
Film mount labeled
Patients full name
Date of exposure
Dentists name
Radiographer’s name
Anatomic landmarks
Radiographer should have knowledge of normal anatomic landmarks of the maxilla, mandible, and related structures.
CMS
Complete mouth series. Consists of pariapical images alone or a combination of pariapicals and bite-wing images. Include a range of 14- 20 images
ALARA
As low as reasonably achievable
Occlusal Examination
Used to examine large areas of the maxilla or the mandible on one image.
Pariapical Examination
Used to examine the entire tooth(crown and root) and supporting bone
Bite-wing Examination
(Inter proximal examination) - Used to examine the crowns of both maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single image.
Diagnostic image criteria
- Optimal density, contrast, definition and detail.
- Display the least amount of distortion possible, same shape and size as the object being imaged.
- The CMS must include images that show all teeth bearing areas including dentulous and edentulous regions.
- Pariapical images must show the entire crowns and roots of the teeth
- Bite-wing must show open contacts on interproximal tooth surfaces that are not overlapped.
Types of intraoral images
Used to examine areas in the mouth
- Pariapical
- Interproximal
- Occlusal
Extraoral imaging
Used to examine large areas of the skull or jaws placed outside the mouth
Ex: Panoramic image
Types of receptors
Paripical
Bite-wing
Occlusal
Bite-wing image
Used to detect interproximal caries. the crowns of maxillary and mandibular teeth, interproximal areas, and areas of crestal bone on the same image.
Bite-wing technique
Used to examine the interproximal surfaces of teeth.
Rinn XCP
The Rinn XCP bite-wing instrument is color-coded and includes a red aiming ring, metal arm, and red plastic bite-blocks
Bite-wing tab
Used to stabilize the receptor during exposure. Set angulation at +10 degrees if using film or PSP sensors.
Horizontal angulation
Refers to the positioning of the central ray in a horizontal or side to side plane. The bite-wing, paralleling, and bisecting techniques all use the same principles of horizontal angulation.
Vertical angulation
Refers to the positioning of the PID in a vertical, or up-and-down, plane
Positive Vertical angulation
If the PID is positioned above the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed downward.
Negative Vertical angulation
If the PID is positioned below the occlusal plane and the central ray is directed upward.
Rules for bite-wing technique
- Receptor placement
- Receptor positon
- Vertical angulation
- Horizontal angulation
- Receptor exposure
Step-by-steps procedures for bite-wing
Patient preparation, equipment preparation, receptor placement methods
Molar Placement
- Position PID
- place finger parallel to lower molars - Place receptor
- Check for cone-cuts
Premolar Placement Steps
- Position PID
- place finger parallel to lower molars - Place receptor
- Check for cone-cuts
Pros of digital imaging
1 – superior image resolution 2 – reduced patient exposure 3 – increased speed of image viewing
4 – lower equipment & supply costs
5 – increased efficiency
6 – enhancement options for images
Indirect digital imaging
Method of obtaining a digital image, in which a sensor is scanned after exposure to x-radiation and then converted into a digital form that can be viewed on a computer monitor.
Cons of digital imaging
1 – initial set-up costs
2 – image quality
3 – sensor size & thickness
4 – infection control
5 – wear and tear
6 – legal issues
Phosphor Plates (PSP)
This PSP plate is flexible like film and similar in size, shape, and thickness. The intraoral PSP plate is reusable and is placed into the mouth in the same way as an intraoral film is positioned.
Can be reused 50 or more times.
