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Dental Hygiene > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

Study of the microscopic structure and function of cells and associated tissue.

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2
Q

Cell

A

The smallest living unit of organization in the body

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3
Q

Tissue

A

Cells grouped together with similar characteristics of form and function

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4
Q

Organ

A

Various tissue types bonded together

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5
Q

System

A

Organs functioning together

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6
Q

Exocytosis

A

active transport of material from a vesicle
within the cell out into the extracellular
environment.

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7
Q

Endocytosis

A

The uptake of materials from the extracellular
environment into the cell

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8
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Engulfing and then
digesting of solid waste
and foreign material

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9
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surround the cell

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

The semifluid part contained within the cell membrane boundary as well as the skeletal system of support or
cytoskeleton.

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11
Q

Vacuoles

A

spaces or cavities in the cytoplasm

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12
Q

Organelles

A

metabolically active specialized structures within the cell.

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13
Q

Nucleus

A

The largest, densest, and most conspicuous organelle in the cell

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14
Q

Chromatin

A

The chief nucleic acid in
the nucleoplasm is
deoxyribonucleic acid
(DNA), in the form of chromatin

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15
Q

DNA

A

As much as 98% of human DNA does not code for a specific product.

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16
Q

Chromosomes

A

In an actively dividing cell, the
chromatin condenses into microscopically visible, discrete, rodlike chromosomes

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17
Q

Centromere

A

Contained in each chromosome. Clear constricted area near the middle

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18
Q

Chromatids

A

Daughter chromosomes joined by a centromere during cell division.

19
Q

Nucleoplasm

A

Fluid part in the nucleus. contains important molecules used in the construction of ribosomes, nucleic acids, and other nuclear materials.

20
Q

Nuclear Envelope

A

Surrounds the nucleus. similar the cell membrane by double layered

21
Q

Nuclear pores

A

Act as avenues of communication between the inner nucleoplasm and
the outer cytoplasm

22
Q

Nucleolus

A

A prominent, rounded nuclear organelle that is centrally placed in the
nucleoplasm

23
Q

Mitochondria

A

The most numerous organelles in the cell. They are associated with energy
conversion.

24
Q

Ribosomes

A

The tiny sphere-shaped organelles in the cell. produced in the nucleolus from rRNA and protein molecules and are
assembled in the cytoplasm.

25
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum
(ER)

A

Consists of parallel membrane bound‑ channels.

26
Q

Smooth ER

A

Absence of ribosomes

27
Q

Rough ER

A

Rresence of ribosomes

28
Q

Golgi complex

A

ER modified protein goes here for subsequent segregation, packaging, and
transport of protein compounds.

29
Q

Lysosomes

A

Organelles produced by the Golgi complex and function in both intracellular and extracellular digestion by the cell

30
Q

Centrosome

A

A dense, somewhat oval shaped‑ organelle that contains a pair of cylindrical structures, the centrioles.

31
Q

Cytoskeleton

A

Three dimensional system of support within the cell

32
Q

Microfilaments

A

Consist of specialized proteins. Delicate, threadlike microscopic structures

33
Q

Microtubules

A

Consist of specialized proteins. slender, hollow, tubular microscopic structures that may appear
individually, doubly, or as triplets.

34
Q

Cilia

A

Shorter and numerous projections on cells

35
Q

Flagella

A

Longer and fewer projections on cells

36
Q

Intermediate filaments

A

Various types of thicker, threadlike microscopic structures within the cell.

37
Q

Tonofilaments,

A

Type of intermediate filament that have a major role in intercellular junctions.

38
Q

Inclusions

A

Metabolically inert substances that are also transient over time in the cell.

39
Q

Cell division

A

Also known as mitosis. Consists of four phases prophase, metaphase anaphase, and telophase

40
Q

Tissue Fluid

A

Provides a medium for dissolving, mixing, and transporting substances and for carrying out chemical reactions.

41
Q

Intercellular substance

A

Shapeless, colorless, and
transparent material in which the cells of a tissue are imbedded. fills the spaces between the cells in a
tissue.

42
Q

Intercellular junctions

A

Cells in tissues are joined by this mechanism

43
Q

Desmosome

A

Superficial layers of the skin or oral mucosa.

44
Q

Hemidesmosome

A

Another type of intercellular
junction which involves an attachment of a cell to an adjacent noncellular surface

Dental Hygiene (3 decks)

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