Radiography - Vicki Flashcards
MR LEMONS
SMALL BLUE CELL TUMORS…
Melanoma Rhabdomyosarcoma Lymphoma Ewings Medulloblastoma Other Neuroblastoma Small cell
32 male, multiple fractures after tripping over himself walking. Complaining of slight weakness in facial muscles and decreased hearing on left. Previous multiple fractures after minor falls. X-Ray shows lots of lucent (weak) bone.
Pathology?
Radiography?
Complication?
Osteopetrosis
Spongiosa filling the medullary canal with no trabeculae
Erlenmeyer flask of tubular bones,
Pancytopenia
Causes of osteonecrosis (avascular necrosis) - KNOW
Fracture Corticosteroid use Sickle cell Alcoholism Pancreatitis Legg-Calve perthes disease
Cells w/ increased osteoid production (3)
Osteosarcoma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma
Primitive round cells
Ewing sarcoma
Non-neoplastic osteoclasts and their precursors
Where?
Radiography?
Osteoclastoma (giant cell tumor)
Epiphyseal ends of long bones
Soap bubbles
69 female, hip and back pain. Skull deformity and B/L hearing loss over last 17 years. Elevated ALP, normal Ca++ and phosphate.
Primary abnormality? In what way?
What is the 2nd phase?
What is the 3rd phase?
Risks?
Paget’s disease
Osteoclast dysfunction – OVERACTIVE
Osteoblasts start trying to make up for osteoclast overactivity
Sclerotic phase
Osteosarcoma, hearing loss, high-output heart failure, tibia bowing
Osteoblast dysfunction
Osteoporosis
Defective mineralization of osteoid
Osteomalacia (Rickets)
Infarction of bone and marrow
Osteonecrosis
14 boy, 1 month history of knee pain, weight loss, pale. Densely sclerotic lesion in distal femur extending from growth late into diaphysis. Periosteum is lifted, forming angle w/ cortex.
Radiography?
Produces what? Others that do this?
How to know it’s malignant?
Osteosarcoma
Codman’s triangle
Sunburst appearance
Osteoid (Osteoid osteoma, osteosarcoma, osteoblastoma)
Weight loss, pallor
20 male, painless hard subQ mass in popliteal fossa. Has been there for years, did not change in size.
Arises in what?
Arise where?
2 possible presentations?
Complication? Signs of this? (3)
Osteochondroma
Bones of ENDOCHONDRAL origin
Metaphysis of long tubular bones
Pain on nerve impingement, or fracture
Chondrosarcoma transformation
- Continued growth after skeletal maturity, aggressive behavior, cortical irregularity
Punched-out lesions
Multiple myeloma
37, painful wrists over 3 months. Early morning stiffness. MCP joints of both hands swollen and tender. No nodules or vasculitic disease.
Associated findings? (3)
Radiography? (5)
Rheumatoid arthritis
Pannus formation and inflammatory erosion w/ swelling (MCP and IP joints), rheumatoid nodules
Radial deviation of wrist, ulnar deviation of fingers, swan-neck deformity, boutonniere deformity, Hitchhiker’s thumb
Pain in weight bearing joints after use, knee cartilage loss starting medially. No inflammation, no systemic symptoms.
Associated symptoms? (6)
Osteoarthritis
Heberden nodes (DIP joints), Bouchard nodes (PIP joints), subchondral cysts, osteophytes, eburnation, synovitis