Radiography Review Test 1 Flashcards
What is the name of a regulation established by a government body
laws
what are generally accepted customs of right living called
morals
who established the code of ethics for radiologic technologists
ARRT
what do the initials DNR stand for
Do Not Resesitate
what are the initials for the law that protects the confidentiality of patients
HIPAA
if you choose someone to make medical decisions for you in the event that you are unable to make decisions for yourself that person is known as your
healthcare proxy
what is the fastest form of tv camera used in fluoroscopy
CCD
the formula for the transformer law for voltage is
VS NS
— = —-
VP NP
the amount of scatter radiation vs the amount of good radiation that a grid lets pass is known as grid
selectivity
restraining a pt w/out a doctors orders is considered
false imprisonment
if you physically force a pt to submit to an exam you may be arrested for
battery
the tendency of barium sulfate to clump and come out of suspension is called
flocculation
when you are setting up a myelogram and you explain the procedure to a competent pt of legal age. Then you have them sign a document agreeing to the procedure. You are receiving
informed consent
what is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis
medical-a reduction in the amount of infectious agents
surgical-preventing contamination before during and after surgery using sterile tech
what is the technique that is used to keep objects utilized in certain procedures free from contamination
sterile technique
what is the general term used to describe any disease causing organism
pathogen
this is an infection resulting from the activities of physicians
introgenic
this is an infection originating in the hospital
nosocomial
a mosquito that spreads malaria to a human is an example of a
vector
what are the 4 things needed to complete the cycle of infection
host
infectious microorganism
method of transmission reservoir
if you do not disinfect a cassette after using it on a pt. with a communicable disease that cassette may spread the disease by serving as a
fomite
this is the name for the practice of treating every patient as if they were potentially infectious
universal procautions/standard procautions
what is the name of the form of precaution which is designed to prevent you from harming pt with suppressed immune systems
neutropenic precaution
reverse
at what apps. point is your center of gravity
S2
a sudden drop in blood pressure when a person goes from supine to erect is known as
orthostatic hypotension
what type of shock does a person go into when having an allergic reaction to contrast media
anaphylactic shock
what is urticaria
hives
name one side effect a pt may experience upon being injected with contrast media
metal taste in mouth
this is the term for a plant of animal that harbors or nourishes another organism
host
name a type of positive contrast agent
Barium
Is barium a water soluble contrast agent
No
what are the 2 catagories of iodinated contrast
Ionic and nonionic
what does the word contraindication mean
condition that serves as a reason to w/hold medical treatment
what is the term used to describe a sudden swelling at an injection site caused by the contrast leaking out of the vein
extravasation
what is the name for the process of the boilingh off of electrons at the filament
thermonic emission
what is another name for an electron cloud
space charge
what is the normal spinning speed for an anode to reach before an x-ray can be taken
3000 RPM’s
what % of the electrons from the cathode are converted into heat upon striking the anode
99%
what is the name of the area of the anode that is struck by electrons
focal spot
x-ray photons are created at the anode through 2 different interactions. What are the names of those 2 interaction
Brems and characteristic
which of these 2 target interactions is most common
Brems
all interactions in the tube occur w/in _ mm of the surface of the target
0.5
what is the distance between any 2 successive points on a wave known as
wavelength
what is the name for the # of waves that pass a particular point in a given time frame
frequency
what is the max height of the wave known as
amplitude
are frequency and wavelength directly or inversely proportional
inversely
what are the 3 prime factors
mAs, kV, distance
what is the primary controlling factor for the quality of the x-ray beam
kV
what is the primary controlling factor for the quantity of the x-ray beam
mAs
what is the formula for the inverse square law
I1 (D2)2
— = ——
I2 (D1)2
What is the name of the x-ray beam after it exits the tube and before it enters the pt
primary beam
What is the name of the x-ray beam after it leaves the pt on the way to striking the image receptor
exit
this is an interaction with matter in which a weak x-ray photon puts an Atom in an excited state and the atom stabilizes itself by releasing a secondary x-ray photon
coherent
this is an interaction with matter in which an x-ray is absorbed while removing an inner shell electron from an atom. This creates a cascading effect as the atom fills the hole w/an electron from an outer shell. A secondary x-ray photon is released during this interaction
PE
this is an interaction with matter in which an x-ray photon strikes and removes an outer shell electron. The photon is then knocked in a different direction than its original course
compton
what are the 2 types of interactions with matter that create noticeable differences on our image
compton and PE
what are the 2 types of interactions with matter that occur above the diagnostic range
Pair production and photodisintegration
what is the word used to describe the absorption of some x-rays as the photons pass through matter
attenuation
which end of the x-ray tube has a negative charge
cathode
what is the name for a tube that has 2 filaments
dual focus tube
what i the purpose of having the anode rotate
dissapate heat
of what 2 materials is the surface of the anode composed
tungston-rhenium
the range of SIDs at which a focused grid may be used is called its
focal range
what part of the tube isactually located outside of the glass housing
stator
spatial resolution in film/screen systems is measured in
line pair per mm
KVP accuracy used to be measured w/a _ now a _ is used
Penetrometer
digital kVp meter
what is the preferred tool for measuring focal spot size
slit camera
what are the 3 principal parts of every x-ray system
x-ray tube
operating console
high voltage generator
what part of the x-ray circuitry works by self induction
autotransformer
what is the most common form of exposure timer
electronic timers
what works on mutual induction and has more coils in its secondary side than on its primary side
step up transformer
what changes the alternating current to direct current in the x-ray circuit
voltage rectifier
what% voltage ripple does single phase power have
100%
what % voltage ripple does a high frequency generator have
1%
what are the principle disadvantages of an aperture diaphragm
focal spot blur
what do the initials PBL stand for
Primary beam limitation
what does PBL do
sets the collimator to film size
what type of x-ray is a form of dynamic imaging
fluoroscopy
the ratio of the square of the diameter of the input phosphor to the square of the diameter of the output phosphor is called
MINIFICATION gain
what is the formula for brightness gain
minification gain x flux gain
of what is the input phosphor made
cesium iodide
what part of the image intensifier convers visible light to electrons
photocathode
what part of the image intensifier foecuses electrons to the output phosphor
electrostatic lenses
what is the most commonly used tv camera in fluoroscopy
vidicon
in the x-ray circuit the _ makes adjustments if the incoming voltage from Florida Power is not correct
line volt compensator
AEC reproducibility should be checked how often
semi annually
what is the main purpose of a radiographic grid
increase the contrast
of what material are the radiolucent strips made of a grid
alumunium, sometimes fiber
a grid should be used whenever the body part being x-rayed exceeds _ cm in thickness
10
a grid should be used whenever the kV bing used is above
60
what is defined as the # of lead strips per inch on a grid
grid frequency
the exposure timer should be accurate to w/in _% of the timer set at the control panel
5%
what is defined as the ratio of the height of the lead strips to the distance between the lead strips
grid ratio
the relationship between the actual and effective focal spot is described by the
line focus principal
which is larger the actual or effective focal spot
actual
SID indicators must be accurate to w/in _% of the indicated SID
2%
reproducibility of radiation output from one x-ray to another should not exceed _% intensity change
5%
the max. acceptable variation in linearity between mA stations is _%
10%
this device causes the grid under the table to reciprocate
potter bucky diaphragm
the ratio of light photons at the output phosphor to the # of x-rays at the input phosphor is called
flux gain
