Radiography Flashcards
Why are x-ray beams potentially harmful?
Strength is inversely proprotional to the square of distance form the source
Standing back double the distance = quarter the dose
Important consideration of X-ray
Consider fluoroscopy and interventional radiology
Near beam maginification
A source is near the pt will further exaggerate the size of structures
X-ray Beam divergence
Beams diverge from the source and travel in straight lines
Structures the beam hits first will be _____________ magnified in relation to those which are nearer the ________
Magnified; detector
Anterior-posterior magnficiation
Chest exaggerates heart size
Posterior-anterior
Chest allows more accurate representation of heart size
Structures that need to be measured accurately should be placed _______ to the detector
Closer
As tissue density increased, attenuation ___________
Increases
Radiopaque
Denser objects increase x-ray attenuation
Hypersense or hyperattenuation > bright or white (many xrays blocked)
Radiolucent
Less dense objects increase xray attenuation
Hypodense or hypoattenuation > dark, gray to black (few x-rays blocked)
Ranges of greyness depending on the thickness of each tissue: insert image 1 2 3 4
Air/lung
Fat
Soft tissue
Bones
What tissue density structures can you identify with radiogrpah?
Bone, joint, and soft tissue structure
What is this term pointing in this image?
Insert Image from radiograph skeletal basics
Practice!! Insert image
Insert image from radiograph skeletal basics
Inner medula or difference in bone density
Common radiograph views
AP
PA
Lateral
Oblique
What does the x-ray depict?
Insert image
Oblique fracture of distal fibula
What radiograph views are minimum requirements for long bones?
AP
LAteral views
Minimum of all joints (including near joints)
AP
Lateral
1 oblique view
Radiograph views of long bones should include:
Above and below
Maisonneuve fracture
Proximal fibular fracture associated with ankle sprains
Arrows depict widening of the ankle mortise
3 views of the ankle were the only xr obtained, this fx would be missed
In children, what comparison view is used to distinguish normal anatomy from abnormality?
Contralateral extremity especially for possible physeal (growth plate) injuries
Systematic checklist
Pt name & image details: name, dos, location, side & views
Bone and joint alignment: misalignment?
Joint space: possible causes of joint space narrowing?
Cortical outline: methodical approach, which fx is commonly missed? (Second fx)
Bone texture
Soft tissue structures
