Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Slockett's Rad Exposures > Radiographic Technique > Flashcards

Radiographic Technique Flashcards

1
Q

What controls quantity?

A

mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What influences and determines the quantity and quality of x-rays ?

A

Exposure Factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Radiation quality refers to x-ray beam penetrability, best measured by what?

A

HVL (Half Value Life)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the (4) prime exposure factors?

A
  1. kVp
  2. mA
  3. Exposure time
  4. SID
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

High kVp _____ image contrast.

A

Reduces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What controls how fast the electrons are sent across the tube?

A

Kilovolts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What controls beam quality?

A

kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What controls beam penetrability?

A

kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What controls the radiographic scale of contrast?

A

kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What determines the # of photons, radiation quantity, OD and patient dose?

A

mA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What affects the number of x-rays produced?

A

mA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the available mA stations?

A

50, 100, 200, 300, 400 & 600

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Does changing the mA change the kinetic energy of e-?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What relationship does mA quantity and patient dose have?

A

They are directly proportional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Short exposure time _____ image blur

A

Reduces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What must you do when using short exposure times to maintain x-ray intensity?

A

Increase mA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Single phase can not produce an image under…

A

8ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Three phase can produce an image under…

A

1ms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

mAs=

A

(mA)x (s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does mAs control?

A
  • Radiation quantity
  • Changes the number of electrons
  • Optical density
  • Patient dose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Does mAs change the energy of x-rays produced?

A

No, just the number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

mAs is a key factor in the control of ________ ________.

A

Optical Density

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the reciprocity law?

A

OD will be constant for any combination of mA and exposure time that results in constant mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Does distance have much affect on quality?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Does distance have an affect on density?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Does distance affect x-ray intensity?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What does the square law do?

A

Determines the required change in mAs after a change in SID to maintain OD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are some patient factors when determining technique?

A
  • Body habitus
  • Thickness of part
  • Body composition
  • Pathology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the (4) types of body habitus?

A
  1. Hypersthenic
  2. Sthenic
  3. Hyposthenic
  4. Asthenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Define:

Hypersthenic

A
  • Short & wide
  • Chest and abdomen are broad
  • 5%
  • Lungs are short and wide
  • Stomach is high and transverse
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Define:

Sthenic

A
  • Average body type
  • 50% of population
  • Active or strong
  • Slender version of Hypersthenic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Define:

Asthenic

A
  • Opposite of Hypersthenic
  • 10% of population
  • Frail, poor muscle tone
  • Narrow, long, shallow
  • Diaphragm is low
  • Abdominal cavity rests in pelvic region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Define:

Hyposthenic

A
  • 35%
  • High splenic flexure
  • Stomach is J shaped and extends into iliac crest region
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

In general, what kind of technique does a soft tissue neck require?

A

Low kVp & high mAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

In general, what kind of technique do extremities require?

A

Low kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

In general, what kind of technique does a chest require?

A

High kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

In general, what kind of technique does an abdomen require?

A

Middle kVp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

What are the (4) image quality factors?

A

Key word DICO

  1. Disorientation
  2. Image Detail
  3. Contrast
  4. Optical Density
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

What is OD?

A

The degree of blackening of the finished radiograph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

When OD is high=

A
  • Too dark

- Overexposed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

When OD is low=

A
  • Too light

- Underexposed

42
Q

OD can be controlled by mAs and SID? T/F

A

True

43
Q

Quantity=

A

mAs

44
Q

Quality=

A

HVL

45
Q

What is more efficient, a single phase or a three phase?

A

3 phase

46
Q

When SID is shortened, what happens to your mAs?

A

It goes down

47
Q

When SID is increased, what happens to your mAs?

A

It goes up

48
Q

What are the (4) types of generators?

A
  1. Half wave rectification
  2. Full wave rectification
  3. 3 phase power
  4. High frequency generator
49
Q

Half Wave:

A
  • Only produces x-rays half the time
  • Drops to zero every time
  • x-rays are not produced on negative side
  • Rarely used
50
Q

Full Wave:

A

-Consistant, but drops to zero

51
Q

3 phase power:

A
  • 6 & 12 pulse
  • Nearly constant output & exposure
  • energy is higher
  • Higher quantity & quality
52
Q

High frequency:

A
  • Less than 1% ripple
  • Constant output
  • Great efficiency
53
Q

What are the effects of a destructive disease?

A
  • Destroying part of tissue, bone, ligaments

- Taking away, making more lucent

54
Q

What are the effects of a constructive disease?

A
  • Growing

- Dense

55
Q

How much of in increase is required for a visible change in OD?

A

30%

56
Q

When mAs is doubled, you get…

A

Double the density

57
Q

When only mAs is changed it is either ____ or ____.

A

Halved or doubled

58
Q

When mAs is doubled=

A

Your density is doubled

59
Q

When kVp is changed it must be increased by __% to produce a visible change in OD.

A

4%

60
Q

The 15% rule is the same as?

A

Doubling the mAs

61
Q

To maintain OD a 15% increase in kVp would require a reduction of ____ the mAs.

A

Half

62
Q

Does the 15% rule apply to kVp or mAs?

A

kVp

63
Q

A strip that goes from black to white quickly would have a…

A
  • Short scale
  • High contrast
  • Lower kVp
  • Black and white
64
Q

A strip that goes from black to white slowly would have a…

A
  • Long scale
  • Low contrast
  • High kVp
  • Many shades of gray
65
Q

What is contrast?

A

Differences between things that are adjacent to one another

66
Q

Contrast is controlled by…

A

kVp

67
Q

A result of the differences in attenuation of the x-ray beam as it penetrates various structures.

A

Contrast

68
Q

The variation in OD between adjacent anatomic structures.

A

Contrast

69
Q

A chest would have what scale of contrast?

A

Long scale of contrast

70
Q

Short scale contrast gives you ___ contrast radiographs.

A

High

71
Q

High contrast radiographs would have…

A
  • Short scale contrast

- Fewer shades from white to dark

72
Q

Bone work would have short scale ____ contrast

A

High

73
Q

Long scale contrast produces _____ shades of gray.

A

Many

74
Q

How much kVp is requited to see a difference in contrast?

A

4 kVp

75
Q

At low kVp, how much change is needed to see a difference?

A

2 kVp

76
Q

At high kVp, how much kVp is needed to see a difference?

A

10 kVp

77
Q

High kVp will give you ___ contrast.

A

Low

78
Q

A chest has ___ subject contrast.

A

High

79
Q

High subject contrast has ____ variations in tissue composition

A

Greater

80
Q

A hand has ____ subject contrast.

A

Low

81
Q

An abdomen has ____ subject contrast.

A

Low

82
Q

What is the 5% rule?

A

An increase in kVp by 5% requires a reduction in 30% mAs

83
Q

What is image detail?

A

Sharpness of small structures or spatial resolution of the image

84
Q

How is image detail evaluated?

A

Sharpness of image detail

Visibility of image detail

85
Q

What is sharpness?

A

Clarity or blur of the structural lines

86
Q

What is visibility?

A

Seeing that there is anatomy

87
Q

Sharpness is controlled by…

A
  • Focal spot size (FSS)
  • SID
  • OID
  • Intensifying screen
88
Q

What can reduce visibility?

A

Fog

89
Q

What is distortion?

A

Misrepresentation of an object and shape due to position of the tube or anatomic part

90
Q

What are disadvantages of distortion?

A
  • Elongation

- Foreshortening

91
Q

What is an advantage of distortion?

A

Allows for better visualization of anatomy

92
Q

Variable kVp chart:

A
  • kVp varies according to thickness of anatomic part
  • Provides radiographs with shorter scales of contrast
  • Other factors stay the same
93
Q

Fixed kVp chart:

A
  • kVp stays constant
  • mAs varies
  • Developed by Arthur Fuchs
  • Provides longer scales of contrast
94
Q

High kVp chart:

A
  • Used for barium exams, contrast exams, CXR
  • Ensures adequate penetration
  • Decrease in mAs
  • Reduces patient dose
95
Q

AEC:

A
  • Use of computer assisted automatic/ electric timers and photocells
  • Patient positioning must be accurate
  • Terminated when the image receptor has received the appropriate radiation exposure
  • Most have 2s override
96
Q

An increase of 15% in kVp is equivalent to…

A

Doubling the mAs in terms of density

97
Q

Long scale contrast:

A
  • Low contrast
  • Many shades of gray
  • Higher kVp
98
Q

Short scale contrast:

A
  • High contrast
  • Black and white
  • Lower kVp
99
Q

What controls contrast?

A

kVp

100
Q

What controls density?

A

mAs

101
Q

A high grid ratio will produce a short scale contrast? T/F

A

True

Slockett's Rad Exposures (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions