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Slockett's Rad Exposures > Ch 19 & 21 Image Artifacts > Flashcards

Ch 19 & 21 Image Artifacts Flashcards

1
Q

What is an image artifact?

A

Any undesirable OD on an image that does not properly show the anatomy being examined

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2
Q

What is the problem with having artifacts in your image?

A
  • Time
  • Money
  • Reexposure
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3
Q

How do you determine the cause of artifacts?

A

By looking at the:

  • Patient
  • Processing
  • Exposure
  • Handling & Storage
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4
Q

What are benefits of early detection of artifacts?

A
  • Cost

- Patient dose

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5
Q

What do you do when examining films for artifacts?

A
  • Isolate artifact
  • Identity the cause
  • Make corrections to eliminate the cause
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6
Q

What are some processor artifacts?

A
  • Emulsion pickoff
  • Chemical fog
  • Guide shoe marks
  • Roller scratches
  • Wet pressure sensitization
    • water mark
  • Chemical spots
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7
Q

What are Pi lines?

A
  • Occur at 3.14 inch intervals
  • Due to dirt or a chemical stain on a roller
  • Artifact appears perp. to films direction of travel
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8
Q

What do dirty rollers cause?

A

Emulsion pick off and gelatin buildup resulting in sludge deposits on the film

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9
Q

What are guide shoe marks?

A

Seen at leading or trailing edge on film caused by improper positioning

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10
Q

What is chemical fog?

A
  • Over development of film

- Developer temp, time, pH too high

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11
Q

What is another name for wet Pressure sensitization?

A

Entrance roller marks

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12
Q

Chemical fog is typically ______ and across the entire image.

A

Uniform

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13
Q

What is wet pressure sensitization?

A

Entrance rollers become wet before film is introduced

*Looks like a water spot

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14
Q

What does a discolored film look like?

A

Sepia look

-Due to hypo (fixer) retention

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15
Q

What is a Dichroic stain?

A

Curtain stain that shows up in (2) colors

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16
Q

What causes a brown color in the dichroic stain?

A

Oxidized developer

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17
Q

What causes a greenish yellow color in a dichroic stain?

A

Incomplete fixation

18
Q

What causes hypo retention?

A
  • Incomplete washing

- Has a chalky appearance

19
Q

What is plus density?

A

Darker than the background (black)

20
Q

What is minus density?

A

Lighter than the background (white)

21
Q

What causes plus density?

A
  • Caused by physical pressure on the film AFTER it was exposed
  • Poor film handling
  • Poor loading techniques
  • Dropping or bending fo film
22
Q

What causes minus density?

A
  • Caused by physical pressure on film BEFORE it was exposed
  • Artifact was caused before the fixing or washing stage
  • Usually dust or dirt on cassette
23
Q

When does plus density happen?

A

During development stage

24
Q

Motion

A
  • Blurring of the image

- Caused by pt motion, x-ray source or IR

25
Q

Heat blur

A

Occurs when CR imaging plate is exposed to intense heat before processing with the CR reader system

26
Q

Double Exposure

A

IR is exposed more than once before processing

27
Q

Improper patient position

A

?

28
Q

Poor film to screen contact

A
  • Results in localized blurring of the image

- May appear smooth in the area of poor contact on the image

29
Q

Grid lines

A
  • Shadows of lead strips that appear due to failure of grid to move during the exposure
  • Improper grid-focusing distance
  • Improper centering
  • improper angulation of CR w/respect to the grid lines
30
Q

Grid cutoff

A
  • A decrease in OD caused by primary radiation being absorbed by the grid
  • Caused when patient is placed under the tube when the tube is not centered to the table or Bucky tray
31
Q

Moire Effect (zebra pattern)

A
  • Double set of grid lines caused by the placement of a grid cassette in a Bucky
  • Biggest artifact in MRI
32
Q

What are some artifacts caused by handling & storage?

A
  • Light fog
  • Radiation fog
  • Static
  • Kink marks
  • Scratches
  • Dirty cassettes
33
Q

What is radiation fog caused by?

A
  • Temperature or humidity too high
  • Film bin not properly shielded from radiation
  • Safelight too bright
  • Film left in room during add. exposures
34
Q

What causes kink marks (crescent mark?)

A
  • Improper handling of film

- Stacking film too high

35
Q

What causes static artifacts?

A
  • Static electricity

- Temperature or humidity too low

36
Q

What does a Smudge static artifact look like?

A

Finger print

37
Q

What does a Crown static artifact look like?

A

Crown

38
Q

What does a Tree static artifact look like?

A

Brush marks

39
Q

Generally radiographic artifacts occur in what three areas?

A
  1. Exposure
  2. Processing
  3. Handling
40
Q

What are the (3) classification of artifacts in DR?

A
  1. Image receptor
  2. Software
  3. Object

Slockett's Rad Exposures (8 decks)

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