Radiographic findings

Question 1

DV radiograph is best a looking at

Answer 1

Dorsal structures, tube closer to the top of the animal for better resolution

Question 2

Radiographic view to better visualize ventral structures

Answer 2

VD

Question 3

Origin of heart changes that increase heart height

Answer 3

Left ventricle

Question 4

Origin of heart changes that increased heart width on lateral view

Answer 4

Right ventricle

Question 5

How tall should the heart be on lateral view? DV? VD?

Answer 5

2/3 of thorax
<5 IC spaces
<6 IC spaces

Question 6

How wide should the heart be on lateral view? DV dog? DV cat?

Answer 6

<3.5 IC spaces
<2/3 dog
<1/2 cat

Question 7

On radiographs, veins are?

Answer 7

Ventral and central

Question 8

Normal size ratio of aorta to caudal vena cava?

Answer 8

1:1

Question 9

Disease that could result in undercirculated pulmonary vessels?

Answer 9

Severe pulmonic stenosis

Question 10

Disease that could result in overcirculated pulmonary vessels?

Answer 10

VSD, PDA

Question 11

How wide is too wide for pulmonary arteries?

Answer 11

> width of 7-9th rib

Question 12

What can result in caudal vena cava enlargement?

Answer 12

Systemic venous congestion or increased right heart filling pressure

Question 13

Ductus bump?

Answer 13

Dilation of descending portion of the aorta on DV/VD view

Question 14

Post stenotic dilation of pulmonic stenosis?

Answer 14

bulge in pulmonary artery, on DV

Question 15

Post stenotic dilation of SAS?

Answer 15

bulge in ascending aorta, noted at heart based on lateral radiograph

Question 16

Name the 4 pulmonary patterns

Answer 16

1. Bronchial
2. Interstitial
3. Alveolar
4. Vascular

Question 17

Describe bronchial pattern:

Answer 17

Increased airway opacity, doughnuts and train tracks

Question 18

Describe interstitial pattern:

Answer 18

cloudy parenchyma, edges and vessels obscured

Question 19

Describe alveolar pattern:

Answer 19

Flooded alveoli
air-bronchograms
parenchyma very dense to consolidated

Question 20

Describe vascular pattern:

Answer 20

Generalized enlarged pulmonary vessels- typical with shunts

Question 21

3 Classic radiographic findings of left heart failure:

Answer 21

Left heart enlargement (esp. atrium)
Pulmonary venous enlargement
Interstitial opacity around vessels (pulmonary edema)

Question 22

What are the three hallmarks of the “reverse D” associated with left heart disease?

Answer 22

Right ventricular enlargement
Right atrial enlargement
Main pulmonary trunk bulge

Question 23

T/F: Cats can have pulmonary edema or pleural effusion with left heart disease

Answer 23

True