Radioactivity PPT

Question 1

A distinct kind of atom or nucleus characterized by a specific number of protons and neutron

Answer 1

Nuclide

Question 2

Nucleons

Answer 2

protons and neutrons

Question 3

An isotope of a nuclide which is radioactive

Answer 3

Radioisotope

Question 4

All systems in nature tend toward stability or instability?

Answer 4

Stability

Question 5

The emission of energy and/or particles in order for the original atom to become more stable.

Answer 5

Radioactivity/Radioactive Decay

Question 6

Who discovered radioactivity? What year?

Answer 6

Henri Becquerel, 1896

Question 7

Carbon-14 dating is an example of?

Answer 7

Radioactive Decay

Question 8

Radioactive Materials can emit: (4)

Answer 8

alpha particles
beta particles
gamma rays
conversion electrons

Question 9

The amount of time when half of the original atoms have lost their energy and have become stable.

Answer 9

Half-life

Question 10

Half-life equation:

Answer 10

(0.5)^n

Question 11

The emission of energy in the form of electromagnetic waves or particles

Answer 11

Radiation

Question 12

Types of radiation: (2)

Answer 12

Non-Ionizing Radiation

Ionizing Radiation

Question 13

Does not have sufficient energy to ionize the atoms with which it interacts.

Answer 13

Non-Ionizing Radiation

Question 14

Examples of Non-Ionizing Radiation (3)

Answer 14

radio waves
microwaves
ultraviolet

Question 15

Ion

Answer 15

An electrically charged atom or group of atoms formed by the loss or gain of one or more electrons

Question 16

Has sufficient energy to ionize the atoms with which it interacts

Answer 16

Ionizing Radiation

Question 17

Categories of Ionizing Radiation (2)

Answer 17

Electromagnetic radiation

Particle radiation

Question 18

5 examples of particle radiation (not that important)

Answer 18

Protons
Neutrons
Electrons
Neutrinos
Ionized atoms

Question 19

Kinds of particle radiation most important in radioactive decay

Answer 19

Beta particles

Alpha particles

Question 20

Properties of an Alpha particle (6)

Answer 20

Helium nucleus
2 Protons
2 Neutrons
4 amu
Electrostatic charge = +2
Emitted from heavy nuclei

Question 21

Deposits a lot of energy in short distance.

Answer 21

Alpha particle

Question 22

1-10 cm in air

0.1 mm in tissue

Answer 22

Alpha particle

Question 23

______ are similar to electrons.

Answer 23

Beta particles

Question 24

Beta particles have an amu of ____ and a charge of ____

Answer 24

0, -1

Question 25

_____ reside in shells of atoms.

Answer 25

Electrons

Question 26

_____ originate in nucleus of atoms.

Answer 26

Beta particles

Question 27

_____ particles have less charge than _____ particles, therefore ____ KE is transferred to other atoms.

Answer 27

Beta, alpha, less

Question 28

Deposits energy over longer distance.

Answer 28

Beta particle

Question 29

10-100 cm in air

10-20 mm in tissue

Answer 29

Beta particle

Question 30

Examples of ionizing electromagnetic radiation/ionizing radiation: (2)

Answer 30

x-rays

gamma rays

Question 31

Using the EM Energy chart, energy increases as you move to the _____

Answer 31

Right

Question 32

Energy is in the form of a “packet”

Answer 32

Photon

Question 33

Where are X-rays are produced in atoms? (outside or inside the nucleus)

Answer 33

outside the nucleus

Question 34

Gamma rays originate _____ of atoms.

Answer 34

in the nucleus

Question 35

2 things about beta particles:
Mass?
Range?

Answer 35

No mass

Longer than alpha range

Question 36

Radioactivity was discovered by whom? What year?

Answer 36

Becquerel, 1896

Question 37

3 naturally-occurring radionuclides:

Answer 37

Uranium
Actinium
Thorium

Question 38

Man-made radionuclides are made in what 3 machines?

Answer 38

Linear Accelerator
Cyclotron
Nuclear Reactors

Question 39

Using the EM Energy chart, frequency _____ as you move to the right.

Answer 39

Increases

Question 40

Using the EM Energy chart, wavelength _____ as you move to the right.

Answer 40

Decreases

Question 41

Alpha particles have a ___ charge.

Answer 41

+2