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Physics > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

What does the atomic number of an atom tell you?

A

the number of protons the atom has

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2
Q

What is ionising radiation?

A

Radiation that has enough energy to cause electrons to leave an atom.

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3
Q

Is gamma radiation strong, moderate or weak ionising?

A

Weakly ionising

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4
Q

What is the charge of a proton?

A

Positive 1

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5
Q

What does irradiation mean?

A

the process where objects are exposed to radiation.

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6
Q

What is the charge of an alpha particle?

A

2+

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7
Q

What is Johns Daltons theory?

A

described atoms as solid spheres and the different sized spheres made up different elements

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8
Q

What are isotopes?

A

different forms of the same element
same protons
different neutrons

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9
Q

How does the mass number and atomic of a unstable nucleus change during alpha decay?

A

the mass number decreases by 4
the atomic number decreases by 2

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10
Q

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

A

1

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11
Q

What is the charge of an electron?

A

negative 1

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12
Q

What is the relative mass of a proton?

A

1

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13
Q

What is the activity of a radioactive sample?

A

the overall rate of decay

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14
Q

How strong is an alpha particle ionising?

A

Strongly ionising

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15
Q

Does the mass number or atomic number change during gamma decay?

A

they stay the same

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16
Q

What is the charge of a neutron?

A

neutral or 0

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17
Q

What did Neils Bohr propose?

A

that the electrons orbit the nucleus in shells

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18
Q

How are electrons in an atom arranged?

A

into shells

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19
Q

What does the mass number of an atom tell you?

A

the total number of protons + neutrons it has

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20
Q

What are softer precautions that are taken when handling radioactive substance?

A

Use tongs
Store radioactive substance i. a lead lined box
wear goggles
Keep substance out for as shot as possible

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21
Q

What factors determine how harmful radiation is?

A

The type of radiation
Where you’re exposed to radiation
The amount of radiation you receive

22
Q

Why is ionising radiation harmful?

A

it can damage our cells or cause mutations

23
Q

What happens during gamma decay?

A

High energy electromagnetic radiation is emitted from nucleus

24
Q

Which factors the amount of radiation you receive?

A

How far away from the source
How long your exposed to
How radioactive it is

25
Q

What was the main issue with the nuclear model of the atom

A

The atom should just collapse

26
Q

What symbols can be used to represent a beta particle?

A

e- or β

27
Q

What is gamma radiation?

A

pure energy

28
Q

How is gamma radiation represented in symbols?

A

Y

29
Q

What are 4 types of ionising radiation?

A

Alpha radiation
Beta radiation
Gamma radiation
X-rays

30
Q

What can stop a beta particle?

A

a thin sheet of aluminium

31
Q

Why are atoms neutral overall?

A

they have the same number of protons to electrons so the charges cancel out

32
Q

What is another name for an alpha particle?

A

a helium nucleus

33
Q

What would be used to stop a gamma radiation?

A

a thick sheet of lead or concrete

34
Q

What is the overall charge of an atom?

A

Neutral

35
Q

What does an alpha particle consist of?

A

2 protons and 2 neutrons

36
Q

What is another name for a beta particle?

A

an electron

37
Q

What does contamination mean?

A

when radioactive particles get onto your body or other objects

38
Q

What symbols are used to represent an alpha particle?

A

A or He

39
Q

what happens during beta decay?

A

a neutron decays into a proton and an electron

40
Q

What are units of activity?

A

Bq

41
Q

What are isotopes?

A
42
Q

What are two definitions for the half life of a radioactive sample?

A
43
Q

What would stop a alpha particle?

A
44
Q

What type of radiation is most harmful inside the body?

A
45
Q

Name the particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom?

A
46
Q

What is the charge of a beta particle?

A

negative

47
Q

What is the count rate of a radioactive sample?

A
48
Q

What happens during alpha decay?

A
49
Q

What are the particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom?

A

protons and neutrons

50
Q

What device is used to record radioactive decays?

A

Physics (7 decks)

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