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physics > radioactivity > Flashcards

radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the basic structure of an atom

A

a postively charged nucleus composed of protons and neutrons surrounded by negatively charged electrons

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2
Q

where is most of the mass of an atom concentrated

A

nucleus

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3
Q

how can the electron arrangements of the nucleus change

A

the absorption of the electromagnetic radiation that causes electrons to move further from the nucleus, the emission of electromagnetic radiation causes electrons to move closer

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4
Q

what is the mass number

A

the number of protons and neutrons in an atom

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5
Q

why do atoms have no overall charge

A

the number of electrons is equal to the number of protons

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6
Q

what is atomic number

A

thr number of protons in tje nucleus

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7
Q

what is the radius of an atom

A

0.1nm or 0.1x10to the power of-3m

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8
Q

what is the radius of a nucleus

A

1x10 to the power of-14m

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9
Q

what is the mass of protons and neutrons

A

1

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10
Q

what is the mass of electrons

A

negligible

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11
Q

what are isotopes

A

atoms of the same element with diffefent numbers of neutrons

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12
Q

how do atoms form positive ions

A

they lose one or more electrons

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13
Q

what model of the atom was developed following the discovery of the electron

A

plum pudding model

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14
Q

describe the plum pudding model of the atom

A

ball of positive. harge with negative electrons embedded in it

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15
Q

what was concluded from the alpha particle scattering experiment

A

the mass of the atom was concentrated at the centre and the nucleus was charged

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16
Q

what model replaced the plum pudding model

A

nuclear model

17
Q

how did neils bohr adapt the nuclear model

A

he suggested that electrons orbit the nucleus at specific distances

18
Q

what did the experimental work of james chadwick prove

A

the existancw of neutrons in the nucleus

19
Q

what is radioactive decay

A

the random process by which the nucleus gives out radiation to become stable

20
Q

what is activity

A

the rate at which a source of unstable nuclei decay

21
Q

what is the unit for activity

A

becquerel, Bq

22
Q

what is count rate

A

the number of decays recorded each second by a detector

23
Q

what is an alpha particle

A

a helium nucleus which is two neutrons and two protons

24
Q

what is a beta particle

A

a high speed electron ejected from the nucleus as a neutron turns into a proton

25
Q

what is a gamma ray

A

electromagnetic radiation from the nucleus

26
Q

what is half life

A

the time it takes for the number of nuclei of the isotope in a sample to half

27
Q

what is contamination

A

tje unwanted prescence of materials containing radioactive atoms on other materials

28
Q

what is irradiation

A

the process of exposing an object to nuclear radiation, the irradiated object does not become radioactive

physics (11 decks)

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