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Physics > Radioactivity > Flashcards

Radioactivity Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an Isotope?

A

An isotope in an element with the same number or protons but a different number of neutrons. Has a different atomic mass, but same atomic number.

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2
Q

What is ionisation power?

A

The ability of the radiation to knock electrons off stable atoms, this turning them into ions.

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3
Q

Unit used for activity

A

Bequerel (Bq)

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4
Q

Electrons have ? atomic mass units (amu). What is “?”

A

”?” = 0 amu

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5
Q

Neutrons have ? atomic mass units (amu). What is “?”

A

”?” = -1 amu

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6
Q

Protons have ? atomic mass units (amu). What is “?”

A

”?” = -1 amu

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7
Q

Mass of alpa particles?

A

6.642 x 10-4

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8
Q

Charge for alpa particles?

A

+2

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9
Q

Alpha ionisation power?

A

Very high

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10
Q

Alpa penetration power?

A

Very low

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11
Q

Mass of beta particles?

A

1/1837 amu

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12
Q

Beta particle charge?

A

-1

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13
Q

Beta ionisation power?

A

Intermediate

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14
Q

Beta penetration Power?

A

Intermediate

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15
Q

What is irradiation?

A

It is exposing objects to beams of radiation. It damdages living cells. It is used for killing bacteria.

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16
Q

What is contamination?

A

When objects have a radiactive material into it. An apple exposed to radiation is IRRADIATED, but an apple injected with radiation is CONTAMINATED.

17
Q

Radioactivity uses (2)

A
  • Sterilisation of surgical instruments
  • Gamma knifes
18
Q

What are gamma knifes?

A

These are beams of gamma rays used to kill cancerous tumours deep inside the body.

19
Q

instruments used to detect radiation

A

Geiger-Müller tube and Geiger-Müller counter

20
Q

What is half life?

A

Half life is the average time taken for half of the radioisotopes in a sample to decay. It is a measurement of time

21
Q

Dangers of ionising radiation

A
  • Radiation can cause mutations in living organisms
  • Radiation can damdge cells and tissue
  • Disposal of radioactive waste

Physics (8 decks)

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